Matplotlib 显示页面上的滚动条

Question

我想知道是否有办法将滚动条（水平或垂直）放在 matplotlib 显示页面（plt.show）上，该页面包含多个子批次（sublot2grid）。目前，我找到的唯一解决方案是使子图非常小，这根本不是很优雅。

Answer 1

因为代码对我来说有点复杂和困惑，所以我将其重构为更具可读性和可重构性，如下所示。我希望这会有所帮助。谢谢！

import sys
import random
import matplotlib
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

from PyQt5.QtWidgets import (
                        QWidget,
                        QApplication,
                        QMainWindow,
                        QVBoxLayout,
                        QScrollArea,
                    )

from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import (
                        FigureCanvasQTAgg as FigCanvas,
                        NavigationToolbar2QT as NabToolbar,
                    )

# Make sure that we are using QT5
matplotlib.use('Qt5Agg')

# create a figure and some subplots
FIG, AXES = plt.subplots(ncols=4, nrows=5, figsize=(16,16))

for AX in AXES.flatten():
    random_array = [random.randint(1, 30) for i in range(10)]
    AX.plot(random_array)

def main():
    app = QApplication(sys.argv)
    window = MyApp(FIG)
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

class MyApp(QWidget):
    def __init__(self, fig):
        super().__init__()
        self.title = 'VERTICAL, HORIZONTAL SCROLLABLE WINDOW : HERE!'
        self.posXY = (700, 40)
        self.windowSize = (1200, 800)
        self.fig = fig
        self.initUI()

    def initUI(self):
        QMainWindow().setCentralWidget(QWidget())

        self.setLayout(QVBoxLayout())
        self.layout().setContentsMargins(0, 0, 0, 0)
        self.layout().setSpacing(0)

        canvas = FigCanvas(self.fig)
        canvas.draw()

        scroll = QScrollArea(self)
        scroll.setWidget(canvas)

        nav = NabToolbar(canvas, self)
        self.layout().addWidget(nav)
        self.layout().addWidget(scroll)

        self.show_basic()

    def show_basic(self):
        self.setWindowTitle(self.title)
        self.setGeometry(*self.posXY, *self.windowSize)
        self.show()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

Answer 2

显示 matplotlib 图的窗口没有添加滚动条的选项。它会自动将自己调整为图形大小。相反，如果调整大小，图形也会调整大小。

一个选项是构建一个具有此功能的自定义窗口。为此，可以使用 PyQt。下面给出了一个示例，其中没有调用plt.show()，而是调用了一个自定义类，并将要绘制的图形作为参数。图形大小应事先设置为图形fig，并且该自定义类不会更改它。相反，它将图形放入带有滚动条的画布中，以使图形保持其原始大小并且可以在 Qt 窗口中滚动。您不必处理类中的细节，而只需处理脚本末尾的调用。

此示例适用于 PyQt4，请参阅下面的 PyQt5 示例。

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from PyQt4 import QtGui
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt4agg import FigureCanvasQTAgg as FigureCanvas
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt4agg import NavigationToolbar2QT as NavigationToolbar

class ScrollableWindow(QtGui.QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self, fig):
        self.qapp = QtGui.QApplication([])

        QtGui.QMainWindow.__init__(self)
        self.widget = QtGui.QWidget()
        self.setCentralWidget(self.widget)
        self.widget.setLayout(QtGui.QVBoxLayout())
        self.widget.layout().setContentsMargins(0,0,0,0)
        self.widget.layout().setSpacing(0)

        self.fig = fig
        self.canvas = FigureCanvas(self.fig)
        self.canvas.draw()
        self.scroll = QtGui.QScrollArea(self.widget)
        self.scroll.setWidget(self.canvas)

        self.nav = NavigationToolbar(self.canvas, self.widget)
        self.widget.layout().addWidget(self.nav)
        self.widget.layout().addWidget(self.scroll)

        self.show()
        exit(self.qapp.exec_()) 


# create a figure and some subplots
fig, axes = plt.subplots(ncols=4, nrows=5, figsize=(16,16))
for ax in axes.flatten():
    ax.plot([2,3,5,1])

# pass the figure to the custom window
a = ScrollableWindow(fig)

---

这是 PyQt5 的版本。

import matplotlib
# Make sure that we are using QT5
matplotlib.use('Qt5Agg')
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from PyQt5 import QtWidgets
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import FigureCanvasQTAgg as FigureCanvas
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import NavigationToolbar2QT as NavigationToolbar


class ScrollableWindow(QtWidgets.QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self, fig):
        self.qapp = QtWidgets.QApplication([])

        QtWidgets.QMainWindow.__init__(self)
        self.widget = QtWidgets.QWidget()
        self.setCentralWidget(self.widget)
        self.widget.setLayout(QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout())
        self.widget.layout().setContentsMargins(0,0,0,0)
        self.widget.layout().setSpacing(0)

        self.fig = fig
        self.canvas = FigureCanvas(self.fig)
        self.canvas.draw()
        self.scroll = QtWidgets.QScrollArea(self.widget)
        self.scroll.setWidget(self.canvas)

        self.nav = NavigationToolbar(self.canvas, self.widget)
        self.widget.layout().addWidget(self.nav)
        self.widget.layout().addWidget(self.scroll)

        self.show()
        exit(self.qapp.exec_()) 


# create a figure and some subplots
fig, axes = plt.subplots(ncols=4, nrows=5, figsize=(16,16))
for ax in axes.flatten():
    ax.plot([2,3,5,1])

# pass the figure to the custom window
a = ScrollableWindow(fig)

---

虽然此答案显示了一种滚动完整图形的方法，但如果您有兴趣滚动轴的内容，请查看this answer