有没有办法用图例替换 matplotlib 子图（而不是将图例放在子图之外）？

Question

我有一个带有 11 个散点图的图作为子图。我希望图例（所有 11 个子图都相同）替换第 12 个子图。有没有办法把图例放在那里，让它和子图一样大？

Matplotlib scatter plot of 11 subplots

Answer 1

一种手动​​方法，但这里是：

您可以使用ax.clear() 和ax.set_axis_off()“删除”轴。然后，您可以创建具有特定颜色和标签的补丁，并根据它们在所需的斧头中创建图例。

试试这个：

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import matplotlib.patches as mpatches
import numpy as np

# Create figure with subplots
fig, axes = plt.subplots(figsize=(16, 16), ncols=4, nrows=3, sharex=True, sharey=True)

# Plot some random data
for row in axes: 
    for ax in row: 
        ax.scatter(np.random.random(5), np.random.random(5), color='green') 
        ax.scatter(np.random.random(2), np.random.random(2), color='red')
        ax.scatter(np.random.random(3), np.random.random(3), color='orange') 
        ax.set_title('some title')

# Clear bottom-right ax
bottom_right_ax = axes[-1][-1] 
bottom_right_ax.clear()  # clears the random data I plotted previously
bottom_right_ax.set_axis_off()  # removes the XY axes

# Manually create legend handles (patches)
red_patch = mpatches.Patch(color='red', label='Red data')
green_patch = mpatches.Patch(color='green', label='Green data')
orange_patch = mpatches.Patch(color='orange', label='Orange data')

# Add legend to bottom-right ax
bottom_right_ax.legend(handles=[red_patch, green_patch, orange_patch], loc='center')

# Show figure
plt.show()

输出：