如何使用 jq 将 JSON 字符串格式化为表格？

【问题标题】：How to format a JSON string as a table using jq?如何使用 jq 将 JSON 字符串格式化为表格？
【发布时间】：2017-01-01 12:30:54
【问题描述】：

刚开始使用 Bash 脚本，偶然发现 jq 可以使用 JSON。

我需要将如下所示的 JSON 字符串转换为表格以便在终端中输出。

[{
    "name": "George",
    "id": 12,
    "email": "george@domain.com"
}, {
    "name": "Jack",
    "id": 18,
    "email": "jack@domain.com"
}, {
    "name": "Joe",
    "id": 19,
    "email": "joe@domain.com"
}]

我想在终端中显示的内容：

ID        Name
=================
12        George
18        Jack
19        Joe

注意我不想显示每一行的 email 属性，所以 jq 命令应该包含一些过滤。以下为我提供了一个简单的名称和 ID 列表：

list=$(echo "$data" | jq -r '.[] | .name, .id')
printf "$list"

问题是，我不能像表格一样显示它。我知道 jq 有一些格式化选项，但不如我使用 printf 时的选项好。我想我想在一个数组中获取这些值，然后我可以循环自己进行格式化......？我尝试过的事情给了我不同的结果，但从来都不是我真正想要的。

有人能指出正确的方向吗？

【问题讨论】：

  • 您能否添加一些jq -r ... 命令的示例输出？
  • 您可以避免使用echo jq -r '...' <<<$data 或jr -r '...' < input-file.json。
  • 你的问题是：我有一个字符串"name1 value1 name2 value2 name3 value3"我如何将它打印为表格？

标签： json bash jq


【解决方案1】：

为什么不这样：

echo '[{
    "name": "George",
    "id": 12,
    "email": "george@domain.com"
}, {
    "name": "Jack",
    "id": 18,
    "email": "jack@domain.com"
}, {
    "name": "Joe",
    "id": 19,
    "email": "joe@domain.com"
}]' | jq -r '.[] | "\(.id)\t\(.name)"'

输出

12  George
18  Jack
19  Joe

编辑 1： 对于细粒度格式，请使用awk等工具

 echo '[{
    "name": "George",
    "id": 12,
    "email": "george@domain.com"
}, {
    "name": "Jack",
    "id": 18,
    "email": "jack@domain.com"
}, {
    "name": "Joe",
    "id": 19,
    "email": "joe@domain.com"
}]' | jq -r '.[] | [.id, .name] | @csv' | awk -v FS="," 'BEGIN{print "ID\tName";print "============"}{printf "%s\t%s%s",$1,$2,ORS}'
ID  Name
============
12  "George"
18  "Jack"
19  "Joe"

编辑2：回复

我无法直接获取包含数组的变量 来自jq？

为什么不呢？

一个涉及到的例子（实际上是从你的修改而来的）将电子邮件更改为数组演示了这一点

echo '[{
    "name": "George",
    "id": 20,
    "email": [ "george@domain1.com" , "george@domain2.com" ]
}, {
    "name": "Jack",
    "id": 18,
    "email": [ "jack@domain3.com" , "jack@domain5.com" ]
}, {
    "name": "Joe",
    "id": 19,
    "email": [ "joe@domain.com" ]
}]' | jq -r '.[] | .email'

输出

[
  "george@domain1.com",
  "george@domain2.com"
]
[
  "jack@domain3.com",
  "jack@domain5.com"
]
[
  "joe@domain.com"
]

【讨论】：

  • 感谢您的回答。这在这种特殊情况下非常有效，id 的长度都相同。想象一下，我会切换字段的顺序，这会给我一些看起来根本不像一个方便的表格的东西。我真的在寻找可以在更多数据集上使用的解决方案。不过，感谢您的回答！
  • 好的，知道了。我无法直接从 jq 获取包含数组的变量？我总是要从一个字符串开始？
  • 感谢您的帮助，输出完全符合我的要求（名称周围的引号除外）。从一个字符串开始而不是像我们在 Python 中那样准备好使用数组感觉很奇怪。对我来说它感觉笨拙和肮脏，但我想只有我必须习惯 bash 的想法？我会尝试把它变成一个我可以重用的函数，这样我就可以将它用于更多具有不同标头的 JSON 字符串。
  • @Rein ：对于细粒度的格式，您需要以 csv 格式打印输出，然后使用awk，但请注意复杂的情况可能会失败。对于您的第二条评论，请参阅最后的编辑并与[ this ] 回答一起阅读。
  • 感谢您的链接和解释，超级有用！
【解决方案2】：

如果值不包含空格，这可能会有所帮助：

read -r -a data <<<'name1 value1 name2 value2'

echo "name value"
echo "=========="

for ((i=0; i<${#data[@]}; i+=2)); do
  echo ${data[$i]} ${data[$((i+1))]}
done

输出

name value
==========
name1 value1
name2 value2

【讨论】：

  • 我开始意识到我无法直接从 jq 获取数组，对吗？所以要走的路是从中获取一个字符串（以可行的格式）并从那里开始？
【解决方案3】：

使用@tsv 过滤器有很多值得推荐的地方，主要是因为它以标准方式处理大量“边缘情况”：

.[] | [.id, .name] | @tsv

添加标题可以这样完成：

jq -r '["ID","NAME"], ["--","------"], (.[] | [.id, .name]) | @tsv'

结果：

ID  NAME
--  ------
12  George
18  Jack
19  Joe

length*"-"

要自动生成虚线：

jq -r '(["ID","NAME"] | (., map(length*"-"))), (.[] | [.id, .name]) | @tsv'

【讨论】：

  • @tsv 过滤器甚至在 jq 的基本过滤器手册页上，嗯...我想知道我可能还错过了什么 :)
【解决方案4】：

手动定义标题是次优的！省略标题也是次优的。

TL;DR

数据

[{ "name": "George", "id": 12, "email": "george@domain.com" },
{ "name": "Jack", "id": 18, "email": "jack@domain.com" }, 
{ "name": "Joe", "id": 19, "email": "joe@domain.com" }]

脚本

  [.[]| with_entries( .key |= ascii_downcase ) ]
      |    (.[0] |keys_unsorted | @tsv)
         , (.[]  |map(.) |@tsv)

如何运行

$ < data jq -rf script  | column -t
name    id  email
George  12  george@domain.com
Jack    18  jack@domain.com
Joe     19  joe@domain.com

我在总结来自亚马逊网络服务的一些数据时发现了这个问题。我正在处理的问题，如果你想要另一个例子：

$ aws ec2 describe-spot-instance-requests | tee /tmp/ins |
    jq  --raw-output '
                                     # extract instances as a flat list.
    [.SpotInstanceRequests | .[] 
                                     # remove unwanted data
    | { 
        State, 
        statusCode: .Status.Code, 
        type: .LaunchSpecification.InstanceType, 
        blockPrice: .ActualBlockHourlyPrice, 
        created: .CreateTime, 
        SpotInstanceRequestId}
    ] 
                                        # lowercase keys
                                        # (for predictable sorting, optional)
    |  [.[]| with_entries( .key |= ascii_downcase ) ]
        |    (.[0] |keys_unsorted | @tsv)               # print headers
           , (.[]|.|map(.) |@tsv)                       # print table
    ' | column -t

输出：

state      statuscode                   type     blockprice  created                   spotinstancerequestid
closed     instance-terminated-by-user  t3.nano  0.002000    2019-02-24T15:21:36.000Z  sir-r5bh7skq
cancelled  bad-parameters               t3.nano  0.002000    2019-02-24T14:51:47.000Z  sir-1k9s5h3m
closed     instance-terminated-by-user  t3.nano  0.002000    2019-02-24T14:55:26.000Z  sir-43x16b6n
cancelled  bad-parameters               t3.nano  0.002000    2019-02-24T14:29:23.000Z  sir-2jsh5brn
active     fulfilled                    t3.nano  0.002000    2019-02-24T15:37:26.000Z  sir-z1e9591m
cancelled  bad-parameters               t3.nano  0.002000    2019-02-24T14:33:42.000Z  sir-n7c15y5p

输入：

$ cat /tmp/ins
{
    "SpotInstanceRequests": [
        {
            "Status": {
                "Message": "2019-02-24T15:29:38+0000 : 2019-02-24T15:29:38+0000 : Spot Instance terminated due to user-initiated termination.", 
                "Code": "instance-terminated-by-user", 
                "UpdateTime": "2019-02-24T15:31:03.000Z"
            }, 
            "ActualBlockHourlyPrice": "0.002000", 
            "ValidUntil": "2019-03-03T15:21:36.000Z", 
            "InstanceInterruptionBehavior": "terminate", 
            "Tags": [], 
            "InstanceId": "i-0414083bef5e91d94", 
            "BlockDurationMinutes": 60, 
            "SpotInstanceRequestId": "sir-r5bh7skq", 
            "State": "closed", 
            "ProductDescription": "Linux/UNIX", 
            "LaunchedAvailabilityZone": "eu-north-1a", 
            "LaunchSpecification": {
                "Placement": {
                    "Tenancy": "default", 
                    "AvailabilityZone": "eu-north-1a"
                }, 
                "ImageId": "ami-6d27a913", 
                "BlockDeviceMappings": [
                    {
                        "DeviceName": "/dev/sda1", 
                        "VirtualName": "root", 
                        "NoDevice": "", 
                        "Ebs": {
                            "Encrypted": false, 
                            "DeleteOnTermination": true, 
                            "VolumeType": "gp2", 
                            "VolumeSize": 8
                        }
                    }
                ], 
                "EbsOptimized": false, 
                "SecurityGroups": [
                    {
                        "GroupName": "default"
                    }
                ], 
                "Monitoring": {
                    "Enabled": false
                }, 
                "InstanceType": "t3.nano", 
                "AddressingType": "public", 
                "NetworkInterfaces": [
                    {
                        "DeviceIndex": 0, 
                        "Description": "eth-zero", 
                        "NetworkInterfaceId": "", 
                        "DeleteOnTermination": true, 
                        "SubnetId": "subnet-420ffc2b", 
                        "AssociatePublicIpAddress": true
                    }
                ]
            }, 
            "Type": "one-time", 
            "CreateTime": "2019-02-24T15:21:36.000Z", 
            "SpotPrice": "0.008000"
        }, 
        {
            "Status": {
                "Message": "Your Spot request failed due to bad parameters.", 
                "Code": "bad-parameters", 
                "UpdateTime": "2019-02-24T14:51:48.000Z"
            }, 
            "ActualBlockHourlyPrice": "0.002000", 
            "ValidUntil": "2019-03-03T14:51:47.000Z", 
            "InstanceInterruptionBehavior": "terminate", 
            "Tags": [], 
            "Fault": {
                "Message": "Invalid device name /dev/sda", 
                "Code": "InvalidBlockDeviceMapping"
            }, 
            "BlockDurationMinutes": 60, 
            "SpotInstanceRequestId": "sir-1k9s5h3m", 
            "State": "cancelled", 
            "ProductDescription": "Linux/UNIX", 
            "LaunchedAvailabilityZone": "eu-north-1a", 
            "LaunchSpecification": {
                "Placement": {
                    "Tenancy": "default", 
                    "AvailabilityZone": "eu-north-1a"
                }, 
                "ImageId": "ami-6d27a913", 
                "BlockDeviceMappings": [
                    {
                        "DeviceName": "/dev/sda", 
                        "VirtualName": "root", 
                        "NoDevice": "", 
                        "Ebs": {
                            "Encrypted": false, 
                            "DeleteOnTermination": true, 
                            "VolumeType": "gp2", 
                            "VolumeSize": 8
                        }
                    }
                ], 
                "EbsOptimized": false, 
                "SecurityGroups": [
                    {
                        "GroupName": "default"
                    }
                ], 
                "Monitoring": {
                    "Enabled": false
                }, 
                "InstanceType": "t3.nano", 
                "AddressingType": "public", 
                "NetworkInterfaces": [
                    {
                        "DeviceIndex": 0, 
                        "Description": "eth-zero", 
                        "NetworkInterfaceId": "", 
                        "DeleteOnTermination": true, 
                        "SubnetId": "subnet-420ffc2b", 
                        "AssociatePublicIpAddress": true
                    }
                ]
            }, 
            "Type": "one-time", 
            "CreateTime": "2019-02-24T14:51:47.000Z", 
            "SpotPrice": "0.011600"
        }, 
        {
            "Status": {
                "Message": "2019-02-24T15:02:17+0000 : 2019-02-24T15:02:17+0000 : Spot Instance terminated due to user-initiated termination.", 
                "Code": "instance-terminated-by-user", 
                "UpdateTime": "2019-02-24T15:03:34.000Z"
            }, 
            "ActualBlockHourlyPrice": "0.002000", 
            "ValidUntil": "2019-03-03T14:55:26.000Z", 
            "InstanceInterruptionBehavior": "terminate", 
            "Tags": [], 
            "InstanceId": "i-010442ac3cc85ec08", 
            "BlockDurationMinutes": 60, 
            "SpotInstanceRequestId": "sir-43x16b6n", 
            "State": "closed", 
            "ProductDescription": "Linux/UNIX", 
            "LaunchedAvailabilityZone": "eu-north-1a", 
            "LaunchSpecification": {
                "Placement": {
                    "Tenancy": "default", 
                    "AvailabilityZone": "eu-north-1a"
                }, 
                "ImageId": "ami-6d27a913", 
                "BlockDeviceMappings": [
                    {
                        "DeviceName": "/dev/sda1", 
                        "VirtualName": "root", 
                        "NoDevice": "", 
                        "Ebs": {
                            "Encrypted": false, 
                            "DeleteOnTermination": true, 
                            "VolumeType": "gp2", 
                            "VolumeSize": 8
                        }
                    }
                ], 
                "EbsOptimized": false, 
                "SecurityGroups": [
                    {
                        "GroupName": "default"
                    }
                ], 
                "Monitoring": {
                    "Enabled": false
                }, 
                "InstanceType": "t3.nano", 
                "AddressingType": "public", 
                "NetworkInterfaces": [
                    {
                        "DeviceIndex": 0, 
                        "Description": "eth-zero", 
                        "NetworkInterfaceId": "", 
                        "DeleteOnTermination": true, 
                        "SubnetId": "subnet-420ffc2b", 
                        "AssociatePublicIpAddress": true
                    }
                ]
            }, 
            "Type": "one-time", 
            "CreateTime": "2019-02-24T14:55:26.000Z", 
            "SpotPrice": "0.011600"
        }, 
        {
            "Status": {
                "Message": "Your Spot request failed due to bad parameters.", 
                "Code": "bad-parameters", 
                "UpdateTime": "2019-02-24T14:29:24.000Z"
            }, 
            "ActualBlockHourlyPrice": "0.002000", 
            "ValidUntil": "2019-03-03T14:29:23.000Z", 
            "InstanceInterruptionBehavior": "terminate", 
            "Tags": [], 
            "Fault": {
                "Message": "Addressing type must be 'public'", 
                "Code": "InvalidParameterCombination"
            }, 
            "BlockDurationMinutes": 60, 
            "SpotInstanceRequestId": "sir-2jsh5brn", 
            "State": "cancelled", 
            "ProductDescription": "Linux/UNIX", 
            "LaunchedAvailabilityZone": "eu-north-1a", 
            "LaunchSpecification": {
                "Placement": {
                    "Tenancy": "default", 
                    "AvailabilityZone": "eu-north-1a"
                }, 
                "ImageId": "ami-6d27a913", 
                "BlockDeviceMappings": [
                    {
                        "DeviceName": "/dev/sda", 
                        "VirtualName": "root", 
                        "NoDevice": "", 
                        "Ebs": {
                            "Encrypted": false, 
                            "DeleteOnTermination": true, 
                            "VolumeType": "gp2", 
                            "VolumeSize": 8
                        }
                    }
                ], 
                "EbsOptimized": false, 
                "SecurityGroups": [
                    {
                        "GroupName": "default"
                    }
                ], 
                "Monitoring": {
                    "Enabled": false
                }, 
                "InstanceType": "t3.nano", 
                "AddressingType": "", 
                "NetworkInterfaces": [
                    {
                        "DeviceIndex": 0, 
                        "Description": "eth-zero", 
                        "NetworkInterfaceId": "", 
                        "DeleteOnTermination": true, 
                        "SubnetId": "subnet-420ffc2b", 
                        "AssociatePublicIpAddress": true
                    }
                ]
            }, 
            "Type": "one-time", 
            "CreateTime": "2019-02-24T14:29:23.000Z", 
            "SpotPrice": "0.011600"
        }, 
        {
            "Status": {
                "Message": "Your spot request is fulfilled.", 
                "Code": "fulfilled", 
                "UpdateTime": "2019-02-24T15:37:28.000Z"
            }, 
            "ActualBlockHourlyPrice": "0.002000", 
            "ValidUntil": "2019-03-03T15:37:26.000Z", 
            "InstanceInterruptionBehavior": "terminate", 
            "Tags": [], 
            "InstanceId": "i-0a29e9de6d59d433f", 
            "BlockDurationMinutes": 60, 
            "SpotInstanceRequestId": "sir-z1e9591m", 
            "State": "active", 
            "ProductDescription": "Linux/UNIX", 
            "LaunchedAvailabilityZone": "eu-north-1a", 
            "LaunchSpecification": {
                "Placement": {
                    "Tenancy": "default", 
                    "AvailabilityZone": "eu-north-1a"
                }, 
                "ImageId": "ami-6d27a913", 
                "BlockDeviceMappings": [
                    {
                        "DeviceName": "/dev/sda1", 
                        "VirtualName": "root", 
                        "NoDevice": "", 
                        "Ebs": {
                            "Encrypted": false, 
                            "DeleteOnTermination": true, 
                            "VolumeType": "gp2", 
                            "VolumeSize": 8
                        }
                    }
                ], 
                "EbsOptimized": false, 
                "SecurityGroups": [
                    {
                        "GroupName": "default"
                    }
                ], 
                "Monitoring": {
                    "Enabled": false
                }, 
                "InstanceType": "t3.nano", 
                "AddressingType": "public", 
                "NetworkInterfaces": [
                    {
                        "DeviceIndex": 0, 
                        "Description": "eth-zero", 
                        "NetworkInterfaceId": "", 
                        "DeleteOnTermination": true, 
                        "SubnetId": "subnet-420ffc2b", 
                        "AssociatePublicIpAddress": true
                    }
                ]
            }, 
            "Type": "one-time", 
            "CreateTime": "2019-02-24T15:37:26.000Z", 
            "SpotPrice": "0.008000"
        }, 
        {
            "Status": {
                "Message": "Your Spot request failed due to bad parameters.", 
                "Code": "bad-parameters", 
                "UpdateTime": "2019-02-24T14:33:43.000Z"
            }, 
            "ActualBlockHourlyPrice": "0.002000", 
            "ValidUntil": "2019-03-03T14:33:42.000Z", 
            "InstanceInterruptionBehavior": "terminate", 
            "Tags": [], 
            "Fault": {
                "Message": "Invalid device name /dev/sda", 
                "Code": "InvalidBlockDeviceMapping"
            }, 
            "BlockDurationMinutes": 60, 
            "SpotInstanceRequestId": "sir-n7c15y5p", 
            "State": "cancelled", 
            "ProductDescription": "Linux/UNIX", 
            "LaunchedAvailabilityZone": "eu-north-1a", 
            "LaunchSpecification": {
                "Placement": {
                    "Tenancy": "default", 
                    "AvailabilityZone": "eu-north-1a"
                }, 
                "ImageId": "ami-6d27a913", 
                "BlockDeviceMappings": [
                    {
                        "DeviceName": "/dev/sda", 
                        "VirtualName": "root", 
                        "NoDevice": "", 
                        "Ebs": {
                            "Encrypted": false, 
                            "DeleteOnTermination": true, 
                            "VolumeType": "gp2", 
                            "VolumeSize": 8
                        }
                    }
                ], 
                "EbsOptimized": false, 
                "SecurityGroups": [
                    {
                        "GroupName": "default"
                    }
                ], 
                "Monitoring": {
                    "Enabled": false
                }, 
                "InstanceType": "t3.nano", 
                "AddressingType": "public", 
                "NetworkInterfaces": [
                    {
                        "DeviceIndex": 0, 
                        "Description": "eth-zero", 
                        "NetworkInterfaceId": "", 
                        "DeleteOnTermination": true, 
                        "SubnetId": "subnet-420ffc2b", 
                        "AssociatePublicIpAddress": true
                    }
                ]
            }, 
            "Type": "one-time", 
            "CreateTime": "2019-02-24T14:33:42.000Z", 
            "SpotPrice": "0.011600"
        }
    ]
}

【讨论】：

  • column -t 使标题与表格本身对齐。谢谢！
  • 您可以使用column -ts $'\t' 来分割制表符而不是空格——否则带有空格的值将被分割成多列。来自unix.stackexchange.com/a/57235/140650
【解决方案5】：

上述答案的问题在于，它们仅在字段宽度大致相同时才有效。

为避免此问题，可以使用 Linux column 命令：

// input.json
[
  {
    "name": "George",
    "id": "a very very long field",
    "email": "george@domain.com"
  },
  {
    "name": "Jack",
    "id": 18,
    "email": "jack@domain.com"
  },
  {
    "name": "Joe",
    "id": 19,
    "email": "joe@domain.com"
  }
]

然后：

▶ jq -r '.[] | [.id, .name] | @tsv' input.json | column -ts $'\t'
a very very long field  George
18                      Jack
19                      Joe

【讨论】：

    【解决方案6】：

    我混合了所有响应以获得所有这些行为

    • 创建头表
    • 处理长字段
    • 创建要重用的函数

    函数 bash

    function jsonArrayToTable(){
     jq -r '(.[0] | ([keys[] | .] |(., map(length*"-")))), (.[] | ([keys[] as $k | .[$k]])) | @tsv' | column -t -s $'\t'   
}

    示例使用

    echo '[{"key1":"V1.1", "key2":"V2.1"}, {"keyA":"V1.2", "key2":"V2.2"}]' | jsonArrayToTable

    输出

    key1  key2
----  ----
V1.1  V2.1
V2.2  V1.2

    【讨论】：

      【解决方案7】：

      如果你想生成一个HTML表而不是终端输出的表：

      echo '[{
    "name": "George",
    "id": 12,
    "email": "george@domain.com"
}, {
    "name": "Jack",
    "id": 18,
    "email": "jack@domain.com"
}, {
    "name": "Joe",
    "id": 19,
    "email": "joe@domain.com"
}]' | jq -r 'map("<tr><td>" + .name + "</td><td>" + (.id | tostring) + "</td></tr>") | ["<table>"] + . + ["</table>"] | .[]'

      输出：

      <table>
<tr><td>George</td><td>12</td></tr>
<tr><td>Jack</td><td>18</td></tr>
<tr><td>Joe</td><td>19</td></tr>
</table>

      【讨论】：

        【解决方案8】：

        更简单的实现：

        jq -r '(.[0]|keys_unsorted|(.,map(length*"-"))),.[]|map(.)|@tsv'|column -ts $'\t'

        您可以在~/.jq中添加以下jq函数：

        def pretty_table:
 (.[0]|keys_unsorted|(.,map(length*"-"))),.[]|map(.)|@tsv
 ;

        然后运行：

        cat apps.json | jq -r pretty_table | column -ts $'\t'

        【讨论】：

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