【发布时间】:2022-01-12 12:50:26
【问题描述】:
我有一个用 C 语言实现的简单客户端-服务器程序,客户端可以将整数发送到服务器,服务器会回复它们的总和。但是,每当客户端突然断开连接时,服务器端就会显示一个令人不安的分段错误(核心转储)。
客户:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#define PORT 5010
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
char buf[BUFSIZ], buf2[BUFSIZ], message[BUFSIZ], serverReply[BUFSIZ];
int SOCKET;
struct sockaddr_in server;
SOCKET = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (SOCKET < 0) {
perror("Could not create socket");
return -1;
}
printf("Socket created\n");
server.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
server.sin_family = AF_INET;
server.sin_port = htons(PORT);
if (connect(SOCKET, (struct sockaddr *) &server, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in)) < 0) {
perror("Could not connect");
return -1;
}
memset(&serverReply, 0, sizeof(serverReply));
printf("Connected to server.\nEnter first number: ");
scanf("%s", buf);
fflush(stdin);
printf("Enter second number: ");
scanf("%s", buf2);
strcat(buf, " ");
strcat(buf, buf2);
strcpy(message, buf);
if (send(SOCKET, message, strlen(message), 0) < 0) {
perror("Failed to send message");
return -1;
}
if (recv(SOCKET, serverReply, sizeof(serverReply), 0) < 0) {
perror("Could not receive message");
return -1;
}
printf("Server: %s", serverReply);
close(SOCKET);
}
服务器:
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <errno.h>
#define PORT 5010
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
char msg[BUFSIZ], reply[BUFSIZ];
struct sockaddr_in server, client;
int SOCKET, ACCEPT, READ, sockSize, num1, num2, option = 1, maxClients = 30,
h, clientSocket[maxClients], maxsd, sd, SELECT;
fd_set readfds;
for (h = 0; h < maxClients; h++) {
clientSocket[h] = 0;
}
SOCKET = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (SOCKET == -1) {
perror("Could not create socket");
return -1;
}
if (setsockopt(SOCKET, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &option, sizeof(option)) == -1) {
perror("Could not set OPTNAME");
return -1;
}
server.sin_family = AF_INET;
server.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
server.sin_port = htons(PORT);
printf("Created socket.\n");
if (bind(SOCKET, (struct sockaddr *) &server, sizeof(server)) < 0) {
perror("Could not bind");
return -1;
}
if (listen(SOCKET, 1) < 0) {
perror("Listen failed");
return -1;
}
printf("Server is listening.\n");
sockSize = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
while (1) {
FD_ZERO(&readfds);
FD_SET(SOCKET, &readfds);
maxsd = SOCKET;
for (h = 0; h < maxClients; h++) {
sd = clientSocket[h];
if (sd > 0) { FD_SET(sd, &readfds); }
if (sd > maxsd) { maxsd = sd; }
}
SELECT = select(maxsd + 1, &readfds, NULL, NULL, NULL);
if ((SELECT < 0) && (errno != EINTR)) {
perror("select error");
}
if (FD_ISSET(SOCKET, &readfds)) {
ACCEPT = accept(SOCKET, (struct sockaddr *) &server, (socklen_t *) &sockSize);
if (ACCEPT < 0) {
perror("Could not accept client");
return -1;
}
for (h = 0; h < maxClients; h++) {
if (clientSocket[h] == 0) {
clientSocket[h] = ACCEPT;
break;
}
}
printf("Client has joined the server.\n");
}
for (h = 0; h < maxClients; h++) {
sd = clientSocket[h];
if (FD_ISSET(sd, &readfds)) {
READ = read(sd, msg, sizeof(msg));
if (READ == -1) {
perror("Could not receive message");
return -1;
}
if (READ == 0) {
printf("Client disconnected\n");
fflush(stdout);
clientSocket[h]=0;
}
int e = 0;
char *p = strtok(msg, " ");
char *arr[2];
while (p != NULL) {
arr[e++] = p;
p = strtok(NULL, " ");
}
num1 = atoi(arr[0]);
num2 = atoi(arr[1]);
if ((strcmp(arr[0], "0") != 0 && num1 != 0) && (strcmp(arr[1], "0") != 0 && num2 != 0)) {
printf("Client: %d, %d\n", num1, num2);
sprintf(reply, "%d\n", num1 + num2);
if (write(sd, reply, strlen(reply)) < 0) {
perror("Could not send message");
return -1;
}
memset(&reply, 0, sizeof(reply));
} else {
printf("Conversion error");
strcpy(reply, "Conversion error.");
if (write(sd, reply, strlen(reply)) < 0) {
perror("Could not send message");
return -1;
}
}
}
}
}
}
如何解决段错误?代码还能如何改进?
【问题讨论】:
-
哪些程序崩溃了?您是否使用调试器来找出该程序中发生崩溃的位置?
-
另外几点说明,在 C 规范中明确提到将仅输入流(如
stdin)传递给fflush是未定义行为。这是一个相当坏的习惯。并且所有大写符号通常用于 宏 而不是普通变量。这是一种近乎普遍的风格选择。使用大写的变量名会使您的代码更难阅读和理解。最好将这些变量重命名为在语义上有所相关,而不是使用通用的大写名称。 -
msg不是 NUL 终止的,并且您不使用从read()获得的返回值。另外:您在 select() 循环中的if()s fall-tru。 (continue;是你的朋友!) -
@Someprogrammerdude 我已经指出服务器正在崩溃。 @wildplasser 我的
read()返回值不是使用一次,而是两次;你在说哪个select()循环ifs? -
另外注意,TCP 流式套接字不能保证在一次调用
read时接收到另一端发送的所有数据。您可能需要多次致电read才能收到所有信息。在您的情况下,我建议您修改客户端以发送字符串空终止符,然后服务器可以读取直到它收到它。然后最后的字符串应该包含那个空终止符,你可能不仅解决了短消息,而且解决了你的崩溃问题(我敢打赌这是因为缺少空终止符)。
标签: c sockets network-programming