在 Django 管理员中搜索时出错答案

【问题标题】：Error searching in Django admin在 Django 管理员中搜索时出错
【发布时间】：2017-08-21 00:39:27
【问题描述】：

这是我的代码的相关部分：

模型.py

class Blogger(models.Model):
    identity = models.ForeignKey(User, models.SET_NULL, null=True)

    def __str__(self):
        return self.identity.username

我希望能够使用他们的blogger_instance.identity.username 搜索博主，所以我做到了：

admin.py

@admin.register(Blogger)
class BloggerAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    list_display = ('__str__', 'identity')
    search_fields = ['__str__']

我去了http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin/blog/blogger/，在搜索栏输入user，点击Search，得到一个FieldError：

FieldError at /admin/blog/blogger/
Cannot resolve keyword '' into field. Choices are: bio, blog, comment, id, identity, identity_id
Request Method: GET
Request URL:    http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin/blog/blogger/?q=user
Django Version: 1.10.6
Exception Type: FieldError
Exception Value:    
Cannot resolve keyword '' into field. Choices are: bio, blog, comment, id, identity, identity_id
Exception Location: /Users/sunqingyao/Envs/django_test/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/sql/query.py
in names_to_path, line 1327
Python Executable:  /Users/sunqingyao/Envs/django_test/bin/python
Python Version: 3.6.0
Python Path:    
['/Users/sunqingyao/PycharmProjects/diyblog',
 '/Users/sunqingyao/PycharmProjects/diyblog',
 '/Users/sunqingyao/Envs/django_test/lib/python36.zip',
 '/Users/sunqingyao/Envs/django_test/lib/python3.6',
 '/Users/sunqingyao/Envs/django_test/lib/python3.6/lib-dynload',
 '/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.6.0/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6',
 '/Users/sunqingyao/Envs/django_test/lib/python3.6/site-packages']
Server time:    Tue, 28 Mar 2017 13:01:58 +0800

当我改变时

search_fields = ['__str__']

到

search_fields = ['identity']

我得到了一个 TypeError：

TypeError at /admin/blog/blogger/
Related Field got invalid lookup: icontains
Request Method: GET
Request URL:    http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin/blog/blogger/?q=user
Django Version: 1.10.6
Exception Type: TypeError
Exception Value:    
Related Field got invalid lookup: icontains
Exception Location: /Users/sunqingyao/Envs/django_test/lib/python3.6/site-packages/django/db/models/fields/related.py in get_lookup, line 694
Python Executable:  /Users/sunqingyao/Envs/django_test/bin/python
Python Version: 3.6.0
Python Path:    
['/Users/sunqingyao/PycharmProjects/diyblog',
 '/Users/sunqingyao/PycharmProjects/diyblog',
 '/Users/sunqingyao/Envs/django_test/lib/python36.zip',
 '/Users/sunqingyao/Envs/django_test/lib/python3.6',
 '/Users/sunqingyao/Envs/django_test/lib/python3.6/lib-dynload',
 '/usr/local/Cellar/python3/3.6.0/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6',
 '/Users/sunqingyao/Envs/django_test/lib/python3.6/site-packages']
Server time:    Tue, 28 Mar 2017 13:12:09 +0800

我应该将search_fields 设置为什么值？

【问题讨论】：

标签： python sql django django-models django-admin

【解决方案1】：

检查search_fields 文档，如那里所述

这些字段应该是某种文本字段，例如 CharField 或文本域。您还可以对 ForeignKey 或带有查找 API “follow” 表示法的 ManyToManyField：
search_fields = ['foreign_key__related_fieldname']

所以你的情况

search_fields = ['identity__username']

另请注意，它并没有说您可以像最初尝试的那样使用计算属性

【讨论】：

【解决方案2】：

这样写你的管理类

     #Register your models here.
     class BloggerAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
         list_display = ('__str__', 'identity')
         search_fields = ['identity__fieldname', ]

     admin.site.register(Blogger, BloggerAdmin)

搜索字段必须是这样identity__fieldname

【讨论】：