为什么这两个 SQL 查询在效率上如此不同？

Question

我必须在实习中使用 SQL，虽然我知道它的要点，但我并没有真正的编程背景，也不知道是什么让代码变得高效等。

查询 #1

SELECT DISTINCT 
    c.[STAT], c.[EVENT], f.[STAT], f.[EVENT]
FROM
    (SELECT *
     FROM 
         (SELECT 
              *, 
              ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY [ID] ORDER BY [PROCDT], [PROCTIME]) AS a
          FROM 
              TABLE) AS b
    ) AS c
LEFT JOIN 
    (SELECT 
         *
     FROM 
         (SELECT 
              *, 
              ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY [ID] ORDER BY [PROCDT], [PROCTIME]) AS d
          FROM 
              TABLE) AS e
         ) AS f ON c.[ID] = f.[ID] AND a = d - 1
ORDER BY 
    c.[STAT], c.[EVENT], f.[STAT], f.[EVENT]

查询 #2

SELECT DISTINCT 
    b.[STAT], b.[EVENT], d.[STAT], d.[EVENT]
FROM
    (SELECT 
         *, 
         ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY [ID] ORDER BY [PROCDT], [PROCTIME]) AS a
     FROM TABLE) AS b
LEFT JOIN 
    (SELECT 
         *, 
         ROW_NUMBER() OVER (PARTITION BY [ID] ORDER BY [PROCDT], [PROCTIME]) AS c
     FROM TABLE) AS d ON b.[ID] = f.[ID] AND a = c - 1
ORDER BY 
    b.[STAT], b.[EVENT], d.[STAT], d.[EVENT]

查询 #1 和 #2 返回相同的结果，这是意料之中的，但查询 #1 的运行时间约为 5 秒，而查询 #2 的运行时间约为 1 分 35 秒。换句话说，第二个查询的运行时间比第一个要长 1.5 分钟，我真的很想知道为什么。

Answer 1

编写此查询的正确方法是使用lead()。我很确定不需要select distinct，所以这就是你想要的：

SELECT stat, event,
       LEAD(stat) OVER (PARTITION BY ID, ORDER BY PROCDT, PROCTIME) as next_stat,
       LEAD(event) OVER (PARTITION BY ID, ORDER BY PROCDT, PROCTIME) as next_event
FROM TABLE t
ORDER BY stat, event;

您编写的两个查询在 SQL Server 中应该是相同的。显然，额外的子查询使优化器感到困惑。您需要了解执行计划才能更好地理解这一点。