如何在Pygame中进行角色跳跃？

Question

我想让我的角色跳跃。在我目前的尝试中，只要我按住，播放器就会向上移动空间v 当我松开时掉下来空间.

import pygame

pygame.init()
window = pygame.display.set_mode((300, 300))
clock = pygame.time.Clock()

rect = pygame.Rect(135, 220, 30, 30) 
vel = 5

run = True
while run:
    clock.tick(100)
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            run = False

    keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()    
    rect.centerx = (rect.centerx + (keys[pygame.K_RIGHT] - keys[pygame.K_LEFT]) * vel) % 300
    
    if keys[pygame.K_SPACE]:
        rect.y -= 1
    elif rect.y < 220:
        rect.y += 1

    window.fill((0, 0, 64))
    pygame.draw.rect(window, (64, 64, 64), (0, 250, 300, 100))
    pygame.draw.circle(window, (255, 0, 0), rect.center, 15)
    pygame.display.flip()

pygame.quit()
exit() 

但是，我希望角色在我击中时跳跃空间一次。我想要一个平滑的跳跃动画开始时空间被按下一次。 我将如何逐步进行？

Answer 1

要进行角色跳跃，您必须使用KEYDOWN 事件，而不是pygame.key.get_pressed()。 pygame.key.get_pressed () 用于在按住某个键时连续移动。键盘事件用于触发单个动作或启动动画，例如跳跃。参见How to get keyboard input in pygame?

pygame.key.get_pressed() 返回一个包含每个键状态的序列。如果按住某个键，则该键的状态为True，否则为False。使用pygame.key.get_pressed() 评估按钮的当前状态并获得连续移动。

while True:
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN and event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
            jump = True

使用pygame.time.Clock（“这个方法应该每帧调用一次。”) 您可以控制每秒的帧数，从而控制游戏速度和跳跃的持续时间。

clock = pygame.time.Clock()
while True:
   clock.tick(100)

跳跃应该独立于玩家的移动或游戏的一般控制流程。因此，应用程序循环中的跳跃动画必须与正在运行的游戏并行执行。

当您扔球或某物跳跃时，该物体会形成抛物线曲线。物体在开始时迅速增加高度，但是这会减慢直到物体再次开始越来越快地下降。跳跃物体的高度变化可以用以下顺序描述：

[10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, -1, -2, -3, -4, -5, -6, -7, -8, -9, -10]

这样的系列可以用下面的算法生成（y是物体的y坐标）：

jumpMax = 10
if jump:
    y -= jumpCount
    if jumpCount > -jumpMax:
        jumpCount -= 1
    else:
        jump = False 

一种更复杂的方法是定义玩家跳跃时重力和玩家加速度的常量：

acceleration = 10
gravity = 0.5

每一帧施加在玩家身上的加速度是重力常数，如果玩家跳跃则加速度变为单帧的“跳跃”加速度：

acc_y = gravity
for event in pygame.event.get():
    if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN: 
        if vel_y == 0 and event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
            acc_y = -acceleration

在每一帧中，垂直速度根据加速度而变化，而 y 坐标根据速度而变化。当玩家接触地面时，垂直运动将停止：

vel_y += acc_y
y += vel_y
if y > ground_y:
    y = ground_y
    vel_y = 0
    acc_y = 0

另见Jump

---

示例 1： replit.com/@Rabbid76/PyGame-Jump

import pygame

pygame.init()
window = pygame.display.set_mode((300, 300))
clock = pygame.time.Clock()

rect = pygame.Rect(135, 220, 30, 30) 
vel = 5
jump = False
jumpCount = 0
jumpMax = 15

run = True
while run:
    clock.tick(50)
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            run = False
        if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN: 
            if not jump and event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
                jump = True
                jumpCount = jumpMax

    keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()    
    rect.centerx = (rect.centerx + (keys[pygame.K_RIGHT] - keys[pygame.K_LEFT]) * vel) % 300
    
    if jump:
        rect.y -= jumpCount
        if jumpCount > -jumpMax:
            jumpCount -= 1
        else:
            jump = False 

    window.fill((0, 0, 64))
    pygame.draw.rect(window, (64, 64, 64), (0, 250, 300, 100))
    pygame.draw.circle(window, (255, 0, 0), rect.center, 15)
    pygame.display.flip()

pygame.quit()
exit() 

---

示例 2： replit.com/@Rabbid76/PyGame-JumpAcceleration

import pygame

pygame.init()
window = pygame.display.set_mode((300, 300))
clock = pygame.time.Clock()

player = pygame.sprite.Sprite()
player.image = pygame.Surface((30, 30), pygame.SRCALPHA)
pygame.draw.circle(player.image, (255, 0, 0), (15, 15), 15)
player.rect = player.image.get_rect(center = (150, 235))
all_sprites = pygame.sprite.Group([player])

y, vel_y = player.rect.bottom, 0
vel = 5
ground_y = 250
acceleration = 10
gravity = 0.5

run = True
while run:
    clock.tick(100)
    acc_y = gravity
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            run = False
        if event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN: 
            if vel_y == 0 and event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:
                acc_y = -acceleration

    keys = pygame.key.get_pressed()    
    player.rect.centerx = (player.rect.centerx + (keys[pygame.K_RIGHT] - keys[pygame.K_LEFT]) * vel) % 300
    
    vel_y += acc_y
    y += vel_y
    if y > ground_y:
        y = ground_y
        vel_y = 0
        acc_y = 0
    player.rect.bottom = round(y)

    window.fill((0, 0, 64))
    pygame.draw.rect(window, (64, 64, 64), (0, 250, 300, 100))
    all_sprites.draw(window)
    pygame.display.flip()

pygame.quit()
exit()