使用 spring boot 3 的测试库

Question

我有一个库，我想为存储库实施集成测试（仅作为更复杂案例的示例）。

为了重现该案例，我使用了this official example，但删除了AccessingDataJpaApplication.java 类，因为我会将其公开为库而不是应用程序。

现在 repo 没有 @SpringBootApplication 注释，the test 将失败，因为无法注入 private CustomerRepository customers;

如何重现案例：

git clone https://github.com/spring-guides/gs-accessing-data-jpa.git
cd gs-accessing-data-jpa/complete
mvn test # Working
rm src/main/java/com/example/accessingdatajpa/AccessingDataJpaApplication.java
mvn test # not working

问题是，如果它不是一个应用程序，那么注释这个测试的正确方法是什么？

我尝试用一​​些组合来注释测试，例如：

• 添加@SpringBootTest：

  @ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class)
  @DataJpaTest
  @SpringBootTest
  public class CustomerRepositoryTests {
  }
  

  该错误看起来像是试图说有多个初始化，我想每个注释都尝试自己做：

    [ERROR] Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 1, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.067 s <<< FAILURE! - in com.example.accessingdatajpa.CustomerRepositoryTests
    [ERROR] com.example.accessingdatajpa.CustomerRepositoryTests  Time elapsed: 0.067 s  <<< ERROR!
    java.lang.IllegalStateException: Configuration error: found multiple declarations of @BootstrapWith for test class [com.example.accessingdatajpa.CustomerRepositoryTests]: [@org.springframework.test.context.BootstrapWith(value=org.springframework.boot.test.autoconfigure.orm.jpa.DataJpaTestContextBootstrapper.class), @org.springframework.test.context.BootstrapWith(value=org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper.class)]
  

• 仅设置@SpringBootTest

  @ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class)
  @SpringBootTest
  public class CustomerRepositoryTests {}
  

  然后我不能使用TestEntityManager并且仍然无法注入存储库

  17:29:01.951 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper - Neither @ContextConfiguration nor @ContextHierarchy found for test class [CustomerRepositoryTests]: using SpringBootContextLoader
  17:29:01.954 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractContextLoader - Could not detect default resource locations for test class [com.example.accessingdatajpa.CustomerRepositoryTests]: no resource found for suffixes {-context.xml, Context.groovy}.
  17:29:01.954 [main] INFO org.springframework.test.context.support.AnnotationConfigContextLoaderUtils - Could not detect default configuration classes for test class [com.example.accessingdatajpa.CustomerRepositoryTests]: CustomerRepositoryTests does not declare any static, non-private, non-final, nested classes annotated with @Configuration.
  17:29:01.964 [main] DEBUG org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTestContextBootstrapper - Using ContextCustomizers for test class [CustomerRepositoryTests]: [ExcludeFilterContextCustomizer, DuplicateJsonObjectContextCustomizer, MockitoContextCustomizer, TestRestTemplateContextCustomizer, DisableObservabilityContextCustomizer, PropertyMappingContextCustomizer, Customizer]
  [ERROR] Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 1, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.117 s <<< FAILURE! - in com.example.accessingdatajpa.CustomerRepositoryTests
  [ERROR] com.example.accessingdatajpa.CustomerRepositoryTests  Time elapsed: 0.116 s  <<< ERROR!
  java.lang.NullPointerException: Cannot invoke "java.lang.Class.getName()" because "found" is null
  

• 和@SpringBootTest(classes = {CustomerRepository.class})：

  @ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class)
  @SpringBootTest(classes = {CustomerRepository.class})
  public class CustomerRepositoryTests {}
  

  有错误：

  org.springframework.beans.factory.UnsatisfiedDependencyException: Error creating bean with name 'com.example.accessingdatajpa.CustomerRepositoryTests': Unsatisfied dependency expressed through field 'customers': No qualifying bean of type 'com.example.accessingdatajpa.CustomerRepository' available: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
  

也许解决方案与[com.example.accessingdatajpa.CustomerRepositoryTests]: CustomerRepositoryTests does not declare any static, non-private, non-final, nested classes annotated with @Configuration.有关。但是具体怎么做呢？

顺便说一句：我在 Stackoverflow 中找到了this response，但它不起作用。也许是因为 Spring 版本。

Answer 1

这是工作方法：

@ExtendWith(SpringExtension.class)
@DataJpaTest
public class CustomerRepositoryTests {

   @SpringBootApplication
   static class TestConfig {}

   @Autowired
   private TestEntityManager entityManager;

   @Autowired
   private CustomerRepository customers;

   @Test
   public void testFindByLastName() {
      ......

   }
}

所以每个测试类都会使用 Spring Boot 自动配置上下文。

参考：spring-data-examples repository