T-SQL Pivot - 总行和动态列

Question

让我们直接进入它。这是代码

SELECT [prov], [201304], [201305], [201306], [201307]
FROM (
SELECT [prov], [arrival], [Amount]
FROM [tblSource]) up
PIVOT (SUM([Amount]) FOR [arrival] IN ([201304], [201305], [201306], [201307])) AS pvt
GO

它让我想起了一张如此可爱的桌子。我想知道如何让每个“日期”列的总数显示在附加的最后一行？

此外，基础表将添加更多数据，特别是更多日期。这意味着接下来会添加201308，然后是201309等

这意味着目前我必须每月修改上面的代码以反映添加的内容。有没有办法解决？

Answer 1

您可以使用动态 SQL 动态创建列，但是，我真的建议在为其设计的层中处理动态枢轴，例如 SSRS 或 excel。

DECLARE @SQL NVARCHAR(MAX) = '',
        @SQL2 NVARCHAR(MAX) = '',
        @SQL3 NVARCHAR(MAX) = '';

-- COMPILE THE UNIQUE VALUES FOR ARRIVAL THAT NEED TO BE PIVOTED
SELECT  @SQL = @SQL + ',' + QUOTENAME(Arrival),
        @SQL2 = @SQL2 + '+ISNULL(' + QUOTENAME(Arrival) + ', 0)',
        @SQL3 = @SQL3 + ',' + QUOTENAME(Arrival) + ' = ISNULL(' + QUOTENAME(Arrival) + ', 0)'
FROM    (SELECT DISTINCT Arrival FROM tblSource) s;

-- COMBINE THEM INTO A SINGLE QUERY
SET @SQL = 'SELECT [Prov]' + @SQL3 + ', [Total] = ' + STUFF(@SQL2, 1, 1, '') + '
            FROM    (   SELECT  Arrival, Prov, Amount
                        FROM    [tblSource]
                        UNION ALL
                        SELECT  Arrival, ''Total'', SUM(Amount)
                        FROM    [tblSource]
                        GROUP BY Arrival
                    ) up
                    PIVOT
                    (   SUM(Amount)
                        FOR Arrival IN (' + STUFF(@SQL, 1, 1, '') + ')
                    ) pvt;';

-- EXECUTE THE QUERY
EXECUTE SP_EXECUTESQL @SQL;

这将创建并执行以下 SQL：

SELECT  [Prov],
        [2013-01-01] = ISNULL([2013-01-01], 0),
        [2013-02-01] = ISNULL([2013-02-01], 0), 
        [Total] = ISNULL([2013-01-01], 0) + ISNULL([2013-02-01], 0)
FROM    (   SELECT  Arrival, Prov, Amount
            FROM    [tblSource]
            UNION ALL
            SELECT  Arrival, 'Total', SUM(Amount)
            FROM    [tblSource]
            GROUP BY Arrival
        ) up
        PIVOT
        (   SUM(Amount)
            FOR Arrival IN ([2013-01-01],[2013-02-01])
        ) pvt;

是子查询up中union下面的查询把总行加到了底部，行总就是简单地把该行的所有列加起来。

Example on SQL Fiddle

不过我会再次强调，我真的建议在 SQL 之外处理这样的数据操作。

编辑

使用 UNION 获取总行的替代方法是使用 GROUPING SETS，如下所示：

DECLARE @SQL NVARCHAR(MAX) = '',
        @SQL2 NVARCHAR(MAX) = '',
        @SQL3 NVARCHAR(MAX) = '';

-- COMPILE THE UNIQUE VALUES FOR ARRIVAL THAT NEED TO BE PIVOTED
SELECT  @SQL = @SQL + ',' + QUOTENAME(Arrival),
        @SQL2 = @SQL2 + '+ISNULL(' + QUOTENAME(Arrival) + ', 0)',
        @SQL3 = @SQL3 + ',' + QUOTENAME(Arrival) + ' = ISNULL(' + QUOTENAME(Arrival) + ', 0)'
FROM    (SELECT DISTINCT Arrival FROM tblSource) s;

-- COMBINE THEM INTO A SINGLE QUERY
SET @SQL = 'SELECT [Prov]' + @SQL3 + ', [Total] = ' + STUFF(@SQL2, 1, 1, '') + '
            FROM    (   SELECT  Arrival, Prov = ISNULL(Prov, 'Total'), Amount = SUM(Amount)
                        FROM    [tblSource]
                        GROUP BY GROUPING SETS((Prov, arrival), (arrival))
                    ) up
                    PIVOT
                    (   SUM(Amount)
                        FOR Arrival IN (' + STUFF(@SQL, 1, 1, '') + ')
                    ) pvt;';

-- EXECUTE THE QUERY
EXECUTE SP_EXECUTESQL @SQL;

Answer 2

示例表

CREATE TABLE #TEMP([prov] VARCHAR(100),[arrival] INT, AMOUNT NUMERIC(12,2))

INSERT INTO #TEMP
SELECT 'A' [prov],'201304' [arrival],100 AMOUNT
UNION ALL
SELECT 'A' ,'201305' ,124 
UNION ALL
SELECT 'A' ,'201306' ,156
UNION ALL
SELECT 'B' ,'201304' ,67 
UNION ALL
SELECT 'B' ,'201305' ,211 
UNION ALL
SELECT 'B' ,'201306' ,176 
UNION ALL
SELECT 'C' ,'201304' ,43 
UNION ALL
SELECT 'C' ,'201305' ,56 
UNION ALL
SELECT 'C' ,'201306' ,158

查询

您可以使用 ROLLUP 来获取行总数。更多关于 ROLLUP here

-- Get the columns for dynamic pivot
DECLARE @cols NVARCHAR (MAX)

SELECT @cols = COALESCE (@cols + ',[' + CAST([arrival] AS VARCHAR(50)) + ']', 
                '[' + CAST([arrival] AS VARCHAR(50)) + ']')
               FROM (SELECT DISTINCT [arrival] FROM  #TEMP) PV 
               ORDER BY [arrival] 

-- Replace NULL value with zero
DECLARE @NulltoZeroCols NVARCHAR (MAX)

SELECT @NullToZeroCols = SUBSTRING((SELECT ',ISNULL(['+[arrival]+'],0) AS ['+[arrival]+']' 
FROM (SELECT DISTINCT CAST([arrival] AS VARCHAR(50)) [arrival] FROM #TEMP)TAB  
ORDER BY CAST([arrival]AS INT) FOR XML PATH('')),2,8000) 


DECLARE @query NVARCHAR(MAX)
SET @query = 'SELECT [prov],' + @NullToZeroCols + ' FROM 
             (
                 SELECT 
                 ISNULL([prov],''Total'')[prov], 
                 SUM(AMOUNT)AMOUNT , 
                 ISNULL(CAST([arrival] AS VARCHAR(50)),''Total'')[arrival]             
                 FROM #TEMP                 
                 GROUP BY [arrival],[prov]
                 WITH ROLLUP
             ) x
             PIVOT 
             (
                 MIN(AMOUNT)
                 FOR [arrival] IN (' + @cols + ')
            ) p
            ORDER BY CASE WHEN ([prov]=''Total'') THEN 1 ELSE 0 END,[prov]' 

EXEC SP_EXECUTESQL @query

注意：如果您不想将NULL替换为zero，只需在动态枢轴的外部查询中将@NullToZeroCols替换为@cols