Excel，运行后保存并关闭

Question

下面的脚本运行后如何保存？

脚本来自：Powershell Disk Usage Report

$erroractionpreference = "SilentlyContinue"
$a = New-Object -comobject Excel.Application
$a.visible = $True 

$b = $a.Workbooks.Add()
$c = $b.Worksheets.Item(1)

$c.Cells.Item(1,1) = "Server Name"
$c.Cells.Item(1,2) = "Drive"
$c.Cells.Item(1,3) = "Total Size (GB)"
$c.Cells.Item(1,4) = "Free Space (GB)"
$c.Cells.Item(1,5) = "Free Space (%)"

$d = $c.UsedRange
$d.Interior.ColorIndex = 19
$d.Font.ColorIndex = 11
$d.Font.Bold = $True

$intRow = 2

$colComputers = get-content "c:\servers.txt"
foreach ($strComputer in $colComputers)
{
$colDisks = get-wmiobject Win32_LogicalDisk -computername $strComputer -Filter "DriveType = 3" 
foreach ($objdisk in $colDisks)
{
$c.Cells.Item($intRow, 1) = $strComputer.ToUpper()
$c.Cells.Item($intRow, 2) = $objDisk.DeviceID
$c.Cells.Item($intRow, 3) = "{0:N0}" -f ($objDisk.Size/1GB)
$c.Cells.Item($intRow, 4) = "{0:N0}" -f ($objDisk.FreeSpace/1GB)
$c.Cells.Item($intRow, 5) = "{0:P0}" -f ([double]$objDisk.FreeSpace/[double]$objDisk.Size)
$intRow = $intRow + 1
}
}

根据https://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/windowsserver/en-US/919459dc-3bce-4242-bf6b-fdf37de9ae18/powershell-will-not-save-excel-file，这将起作用，但我无法：

Add-Type -AssemblyName Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel
$xlFixedFormat = [Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.XlFileFormat]::xlWorkbookDefault
$Excel = New-Object -comobject Excel.Application

$Excel.Visible = $true

################
$Excel.workbooks.OpenText($file,437,1,1,1,$True,$True,$False,$False,$True,$False)
$Excel.ActiveWorkbook.SaveAs($env:tmp + "\myfile.xls", $xlFixedFormat)

$Excel.Workbooks.Close()
$Excel.Quit()    

Answer 1

这对我有用：

$workbook.Close($false)
$excel.Quit()

[System.GC]::Collect()
[System.GC]::WaitForPendingFinalizers()

[System.Runtime.Interopservices.Marshal]::ReleaseComObject($workSheet)
[System.Runtime.Interopservices.Marshal]::ReleaseComObject($excel)

Remove-Variable -Name excel

Answer 2

要正确完全关闭 Excel，您还需要释放 COM 引用。在我自己的测试中发现，删除 Excel 的变量还可以确保不存在剩余的引用，这将使 Excel.exe 保持打开状态（就像您在 ISE 中进行调试一样）。

如果不执行上述操作，如果您在任务管理器中查看，您可能会看到 Excel 仍在运行...在某些情况下，有很多副本。

这与 COM 对象如何包装在“运行时可调用包装器”中有关。

这是应该使用的骨架代码：

$excel = New-Object -ComObject Excel.Application
$excel.Visible = $true
$workbook = $excel.Workbooks.Add()
# or $workbook = $excel.Workbooks.Open($xlsxPath)

# do work with Excel...

$workbook.SaveAs($xlsxPath)
$excel.Quit()
[System.Runtime.Interopservices.Marshal]::ReleaseComObject($excel)
# no $ needed on variable name in Remove-Variable call
Remove-Variable excel

Answer 3

搞定了！ - 特别感谢@Matt

正在运行的完整脚本：

$erroractionpreference = "SilentlyContinue"
$a = New-Object -comobject Excel.Application
$a.visible = $True 
Add-Type -AssemblyName Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel
$xlFixedFormat = [Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel.XlFileFormat]::xlWorkbookDefault


$a.Visible = $true

$b = $a.Workbooks.Add()
$c = $b.Worksheets.Item(1)

$c.Cells.Item(1,1) = "Server Name"
$c.Cells.Item(1,2) = "Drive"
$c.Cells.Item(1,3) = "Total Size (GB)"
$c.Cells.Item(1,4) = "Free Space (GB)"
$c.Cells.Item(1,5) = "Free Space (%)"

$d = $c.UsedRange
$d.Interior.ColorIndex = 19
$d.Font.ColorIndex = 11
$d.Font.Bold = $True

$intRow = 2

$colComputers = get-content "c:\servers.txt"
foreach ($strComputer in $colComputers)
{
$colDisks = get-wmiobject Win32_LogicalDisk -computername $strComputer -Filter "DriveType = 3" 
foreach ($objdisk in $colDisks)
{
$c.Cells.Item($intRow, 1) = $strComputer.ToUpper()
$c.Cells.Item($intRow, 2) = $objDisk.DeviceID
$c.Cells.Item($intRow, 3) = "{0:N0}" -f ($objDisk.Size/1GB)
$c.Cells.Item($intRow, 4) = "{0:N0}" -f ($objDisk.FreeSpace/1GB)
$c.Cells.Item($intRow, 5) = "{0:P0}" -f ([double]$objDisk.FreeSpace/[double]$objDisk.Size)
$intRow = $intRow + 1
}
}

$a.workbooks.OpenText($file,437,1,1,1,$True,$True,$False,$False,$True,$False)
$a.ActiveWorkbook.SaveAs("C:\Users\Username\Desktop\myfile.xls", $xlFixedFormat)

$a.Workbooks.Close()
$a.Quit()    

Answer 4

如 MSDN 文档 here 中所述，ReleaseComObject 调用仅将该 COM 对象的引用计数器减 1。如果您的脚本具有同一个 COM 对象的多个引用，它不会释放该对象。

文档建议使用 FinalReleaseComObject 方法来完全释放 COM 对象并一劳永逸地关闭 Excel 进程。

请务必仅在完成 ​​COM 引用后调用此方法，因为不这样做可能会导致难以调试的错误。

Answer 5

创建 Excel 文件：

$Excel = New-Object -ComObject Excel.Application
$Excel.Visible = $True 
......

关闭 Excel：

$Excel.Close()
[System.Runtime.Interopservices.Marshal]::ReleaseComObject($Excel)
spps -n Excel

Answer 6

当$excel.Quit() 没有退出并且 OneDrive 不会上传文件时，这解决了我的问题。在我的情况下，我只需要一些自动化，在工作完成后，所有 Excel 进程都被杀死是很好的。

$excel.Quit()

# Check and you will see an excel process still exists after quitting
# Remove the excel process by piping it to stop-process
# Warning: This Closes All Excel Processes


Get-Process excel | Stop-Process -Force