g++ 无法打开输出文件 ..\\..\\..\\native\\win32\\native.dll：没有这样的文件或目录

Question

REM 使用 javac -h 创建标头。类名.java REM 记得设置你的 JAVA_HOME 环境变量 g++ -c -I "%JAVA_HOME%\include" -I "%JAVA_HOME%\include\win32" com_baeldung_jni_HelloWorldJNI.cpp -o com_baeldung_jni_HelloWorldJNI.o g++ -c -I "%JAVA_HOME%\include" -I "%JAVA_HOME%\include\win32" com_baeldung_jni_ExampleParametersJNI.cpp -o com_baeldung_jni_ExampleParametersJNI.o g++ -c -I "%JAVA_HOME%\include" -I "%JAVA_HOME%\include\win32" com_baeldung_jni_ExampleObjectsJNI.cpp -o com_baeldung_jni_ExampleObjectsJNI.o g++ -shared -o ......\native\win32\native.dll com_baeldung_jni_HelloWorldJNI.o com_baeldung_jni_ExampleParametersJNI.o com_baeldung_jni_ExampleObjectsJNI.o -Wl,--add-stdcall-alias

输出

D:\work\git\project\tutorials-master\java-native\src\main\cpp>REM 使用 javac -h 创建标头。类名.java

D:\work\git\project\tutorials-master\java-native\src\main\cpp>REM 记得设置你的 JAVA_HOME env var

D:\work\git\project\tutorials-master\java-native\src\main\cpp>g++ -c -I "D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_101\include" -I "D:\程序文件\Java\jdk1.8.0_101\include\win32" com_baeldung_jni_HelloWorldJNI.cpp -o com_baeldung_jni_HelloWorldJNI.o

D:\work\git\project\tutorials-master\java-native\src\main\cpp>g++ -c -I "D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_101\include" -I "D:\程序文件\Java\jdk1.8.0_101\include\win32" com_baeldung_jni_ExampleParametersJNI.cpp -o com_baeldung_jni_ExampleParametersJNI.o

D:\work\git\project\tutorials-master\java-native\src\main\cpp>g++ -c -I "D:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_101\include" -I "D:\程序文件\Java\jdk1.8.0_101\include\win32" com_baeldung_jni_ExampleObjectsJNI.cpp -o com_baeldung_jni_ExampleObjectsJNI.o

D:\work\git\project\tutorials-master\java-native\src\main\cpp>g++ -shared -o ......\native\win32\native.dll com_baeldung_jni_HelloWorldJNI.o com_baeldung_jni_ExampleParametersJNI.o com_baeldung_jni_ExampleObjectsJNI。 o -Wl,--add-stdcall-aliasd:/mingw/bin/../lib/gcc/mingw32/6.3.0/../../../../mingw32/bin/ld.exe：无法打开输出文件...... \native\win32\native.dll: 没有这样的文件或目录collect2.exe：错误：ld 返回 1 退出状态

进程以退出代码 1 结束 enter image description here 怎么了，怎么更新。谢谢你

Answer 1

显然，海合会（或者G++) 需要输出（也可能适用于其他人：转储、辅助、...）目录存在^*.
默认情况下，输出目录是CWD(.)，它存在（在大多数情况下）。

这是一个虚拟示例。

样本.c：

#include <stdio.h>


int main()
{
    printf("Dummy text
");
    return 0;
}

(qaic-env) [cfati@cfati-5510-0:/mnt/e/Work/Dev/StackOverflow/q073923282]> ~/sopr.sh
### Set shorter prompt to better fit when pasted in StackOverflow (or other) pages ###

[064bit prompt]> ls
sample.c
[064bit prompt]>
[064bit prompt]> OUT_DIR=.
[064bit prompt]> gcc -o ${OUT_DIR}/sample.out sample.c
[064bit prompt]> ./sample.out
Dummy text
[064bit prompt]>
[064bit prompt]> OUT_DIR=inner0
[064bit prompt]> gcc -o ${OUT_DIR}/sample.out sample.c
/usr/bin/ld: cannot open output file inner0/sample.out: No such file or directory
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
[064bit prompt]> mkdir -p ${OUT_DIR}
[064bit prompt]> gcc -o ${OUT_DIR}/sample.out sample.c
[064bit prompt]> ./inner0/sample.out
Dummy text
[064bit prompt]>
[064bit prompt]> OUT_DIR=inner1/inner11
[064bit prompt]> gcc -o ${OUT_DIR}/sample.out sample.c
/usr/bin/ld: cannot open output file inner1/inner11/sample.out: No such file or directory
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
[064bit prompt]> mkdir inner1
[064bit prompt]> gcc -o ${OUT_DIR}/sample.out sample.c
/usr/bin/ld: cannot open output file inner1/inner11/sample.out: No such file or directory
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status
[064bit prompt]> mkdir -p ${OUT_DIR}
[064bit prompt]> gcc -o ${OUT_DIR}/sample.out sample.c
[064bit prompt]> ./inner1/inner11/sample.out
Dummy text

[GNU.GCC]: Options Controlling the Kind of Output (-o 文件部分）没有提到任何关于此的内容（这很奇怪，因为海合会有据可查）。
此外，错误消息另有提示：

/usr/bin/ld: cannot open output file inner0/sample.out: No such file or directory
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status

更进一步（通过-v（详细）选项海合会):

[064bit prompt]> gcc -v -o inexistent/sample.out sample.c
Using built-in specs.
COLLECT_GCC=gcc
COLLECT_LTO_WRAPPER=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/lto-wrapper
OFFLOAD_TARGET_NAMES=nvptx-none:hsa
OFFLOAD_TARGET_DEFAULT=1
Target: x86_64-linux-gnu
Configured with: ../src/configure -v --with-pkgversion='Ubuntu 9.4.0-1ubuntu1~20.04.1' --with-bugurl=file:///usr/share/doc/gcc-9/README.Bugs --enable-languages=c,ada,c++,go,brig,d,fortran,objc,obj-c++,gm2 --prefix=/usr --with-gcc-major-version-only --program-suffix=-9 --program-prefix=x86_64-linux-gnu- --enable-shared --enable-linker-build-id --libexecdir=/usr/lib --without-included-gettext --enable-threads=posix --libdir=/usr/lib --enable-nls --enable-clocale=gnu --enable-libstdcxx-debug --enable-libstdcxx-time=yes --with-default-libstdcxx-abi=new --enable-gnu-unique-object --disable-vtable-verify --enable-plugin --enable-default-pie --with-system-zlib --with-target-system-zlib=auto --enable-objc-gc=auto --enable-multiarch --disable-werror --with-arch-32=i686 --with-abi=m64 --with-multilib-list=m32,m64,mx32 --enable-multilib --with-tune=generic --enable-offload-targets=nvptx-none=/build/gcc-9-Av3uEd/gcc-9-9.4.0/debian/tmp-nvptx/usr,hsa --without-cuda-driver --enable-checking=release --build=x86_64-linux-gnu 
--host=x86_64-linux-gnu --target=x86_64-linux-gnu
Thread model: posix
gcc version 9.4.0 (Ubuntu 9.4.0-1ubuntu1~20.04.1)
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-v' '-o' 'inexistent/sample.out' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64'
 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/cc1 -quiet -v -imultiarch x86_64-linux-gnu sample.c -quiet -dumpbase sample.c -mtune=generic -march=x86-64 -auxbase sample -version -fasynchronous-unwind-tables -fstack-protector-strong -Wformat -Wformat-security -fstack-clash-protection -fcf-protection -o /tmp/ccjdCTrC.s
GNU C17 (Ubuntu 9.4.0-1ubuntu1~20.04.1) version 9.4.0 (x86_64-linux-gnu)
        compiled by GNU C version 9.4.0, GMP version 6.2.0, MPFR version 4.0.2, MPC version 1.1.0, isl version isl-0.22.1-GMP

GGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=100 --param ggc-min-heapsize=131072
ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/local/include/x86_64-linux-gnu"
ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/include-fixed"
ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/include"
#include "..." search starts here:
#include <...> search starts here:
 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/include
 /usr/local/include
 /usr/include/x86_64-linux-gnu
 /usr/include
End of search list.
GNU C17 (Ubuntu 9.4.0-1ubuntu1~20.04.1) version 9.4.0 (x86_64-linux-gnu)
        compiled by GNU C version 9.4.0, GMP version 6.2.0, MPFR version 4.0.2, MPC version 1.1.0, isl version isl-0.22.1-GMP

GGC heuristics: --param ggc-min-expand=100 --param ggc-min-heapsize=131072
Compiler executable checksum: c0c95c0b4209efec1c1892d5ff24030b
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-v' '-o' 'inexistent/sample.out' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64'
 as -v --64 -o /tmp/ccP79PwB.o /tmp/ccjdCTrC.s
GNU assembler version 2.34 (x86_64-linux-gnu) using BFD version (GNU Binutils for Ubuntu) 2.34
COMPILER_PATH=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/
LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../../lib/:/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/:/lib/../lib/:/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/:/usr/lib/../lib/:/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../:/lib/:/usr/lib/
COLLECT_GCC_OPTIONS='-v' '-o' 'inexistent/sample.out' '-mtune=generic' '-march=x86-64'
 /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/collect2 -plugin /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/liblto_plugin.so -plugin-opt=/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/lto-wrapper -plugin-opt=-fresolution=/tmp/cc3Q3S6A.res -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc_s -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lc -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc -plugin-opt=-pass-through=-lgcc_s --build-id --eh-frame-hdr -m elf_x86_64 --hash-style=gnu --as-needed -dynamic-linker /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 -pie -z now -z relro -o inexistent/sample.out /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/Scrt1.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crti.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/crtbeginS.o -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9 -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../../lib -L/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -L/lib/../lib -L/usr/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu -L/usr/lib/../lib -L/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../.. /tmp/ccP79PwB.o -lgcc --push-state --as-needed -lgcc_s --po
p-state -lc -lgcc --push-state --as-needed -lgcc_s --pop-state /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/crtendS.o /usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-linux-gnu/9/../../../x86_64-linux-gnu/crtn.o
/usr/bin/ld: cannot open output file inexistent/sample.out: No such file or directory
collect2: error: ld returned 1 exit status

很明显，不是海合会在创建输出目录时遇到问题，但是GNU 链接器([Man7]: LD(1)) 其中海合会在引擎盖下调用。

附带说明一下，不仅链接器有这个问题，而且预处理器、编译器、汇编器也有这个问题——通过传递给海合会 之一 -E,-S,-C标志。

我浏览了一下LD的文档，但我找不到让它创建中间目录的方法。

修复（解决方法）很简单：在调用之前创建目录海合会.这是一种常见的做法（最明显的内部生成文件s)。