你可以这样试试：
// Initial DataFrame
df.show(false)
+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
|columnName |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
|[{"name":"a","info":{"age":"1","grade":"b"},"other":7},{"random":"x"}]|
+----------------------------------------------------------------------+
df.printSchema()
root
|-- columnName: string (nullable = true)
// toArray is a user defined function that parses an array of json objects which is present as a string
import org.json.JSONArray
val toArray = udf { (data: String) => {
val jsonArray = new JSONArray(data)
var arr: Array[String] = Array()
val objects = (0 until jsonArray.length).map(x => jsonArray.getJSONObject(x))
objects.foreach { elem =>
arr :+= elem.toString
}
arr
}
}
// Using the udf and exploding the resultant array
val df1 = df.withColumn("columnName",explode(toArray(col("columnName"))))
df1.show(false)
+-----------------------------------------------------+
|columnName |
+-----------------------------------------------------+
|{"other":7,"name":"a","info":{"grade":"b","age":"1"}}|
|{"random":"x"} |
+-----------------------------------------------------+
df1.printSchema()
root
|-- columnName: string (nullable = true)
// Parsing the json string by obtaining the schema dynamically
val schema = spark.read.json(df1.select("columnName").rdd.map(x => x(0).toString)).schema
val df2 = df1.withColumn("columnName",from_json(col("columnName"),schema))
df2.show(false)
+---------------+
|columnName |
+---------------+
|[[1, b], a, 7,]|
|[,,, x] |
+---------------+
df2.printSchema()
root
|-- columnName: struct (nullable = true)
| |-- info: struct (nullable = true)
| | |-- age: string (nullable = true)
| | |-- grade: string (nullable = true)
| |-- name: string (nullable = true)
| |-- other: long (nullable = true)
| |-- random: string (nullable = true)
// Extracting all the fields from the json
df2.select(col("columnName.*")).show(false)
+------+----+-----+------+
|info |name|other|random|
+------+----+-----+------+
|[1, b]|a |7 |null |
|null |null|null |x |
+------+----+-----+------+
编辑：
如果可以使用get_json_object函数，可以尝试这种方式
// Get the list of columns dynamically
val columns = spark.read.json(df1.select("columnName").rdd.map(x => x(0).toString)).columns
// define an empty array of Column type and get_json_object function to extract the columns
var extract_columns: Array[Column] = Array()
columns.foreach { column =>
extract_columns :+= get_json_object(col("columnName"), "$." + column).as(column)
}
df1.select(extract_columns: _*).show(false)
+-----------------------+----+-----+------+
|info |name|other|random|
+-----------------------+----+-----+------+
|{"grade":"b","age":"1"}|a |7 |null |
|null |null|null |x |
+-----------------------+----+-----+------+
请注意，info 列不是结构类型。您可能必须遵循类似的方式来提取嵌套 json 的列