bash - 仅使用 awk 并接受任何字符串作为输入和分隔符的字符串拆分函数答案

【问题标题】：bash - Function for string split that uses only awk and accepts any string as input and as delimiterbash - 仅使用 awk 并接受任何字符串作为输入和分隔符的字符串拆分函数
【发布时间】：2022-08-06 03:18:33
【问题描述】：

建议是一个 bash 函数，只使用 awk 来分割字符串接受任何字符串作为分隔符和任何字符串作为输入.

问题：如何创建一个仅使用 awk 并接受任何字符串作为输入和分隔符的分割字符串的函数？

!!!问题的原因!!!使用 bash 命令进行字符串拆分有很多很多建议（参见这个示例），但它们都只在特定情况下有效，而不是根据我们的建议。

谢谢，善待！？？？

标签： linux bash shell awk

【解决方案1】：

有很多很多关于使用 bash 命令拆分字符串的建议，但它们都只在特定情况下工作，不接受任何字符串作为输入和分隔符.

下面的函数由我们创建，接受任何字符串作为输入和分隔符。?

功能

declare -a F_MASTER_SPLITTER_R=()
f_master_splitter() {
    : 'Split a given string and returns an array.

    Args:
        F_MS_STR_TO_SPLIT (str): String to split.
        F_MS_DELIMITER_P (Optional[str]): Delimiter used to split. If not informed
    the split will be done by spaces.

    Returns:
        F_MASTER_SPLITTER_R (array): Array with the provided string separated by
    the informed delimiter.
    '

    local F_MS_STR_TO_SPLIT="$1"
    local F_MS_DELIMITER="$2"
    if [ -z "$F_MS_DELIMITER_P" ] ; then
        F_MS_DELIMITER_P=" "
    fi
    F_MASTER_SPLITTER_R=()

    # NOTES: We export these variables to avoid problems with certain characters
    # in "awk". By Questor
    export F_MS_STR_TO_SPLIT F_MS_DELIMITER
    f_ez_trap_add "unset F_MS_STR_TO_SPLIT F_MS_DELIMITER" SIGINT SIGTERM ERR EXIT
    local F_MS_EVAL_ITEM=""

    # NOTES:
    # I - The strategy used consists of having each output resulting from the awk
    # command array be converted into a native bash command to add each of these
    # items to the F_MASTER_SPLITTER_R bash array. As this treatment exists, it is
    # practically certain (the chance of error is very small) that each entry will
    # be correctly converted to an entry of the bash array. This is because bash
    # treats the output of a command as text and the fact that this function does
    # this treatment is precisely what makes this approach better and safer than
    # all others as a universal strategy for string splitting in bash;
    # II - We replaced "HEREDOC" with "0EA41DB0533442FA9DF7E74E0D9E945E25AE7F1CE7E0460891104717436E4130"
    # to make the possibility of conflict with "HEREDOC" almost null, that is, if
    # an entry has the value "HEREDOC" inside it.
    # By Questor
    # [Ref(s).: https://stackoverflow.com/a/15787182/3223785 , 
    # https://stackoverflow.com/a/26005804/3223785 , 
    # https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/593216/61742 ,
    # https://unix.stackexchange.com/a/353689/61742 ]
    F_MS_EVAL_SPLIT=$(awk 'BEGIN {
        n=split(ENVIRON["F_MS_STR_TO_SPLIT"], split_arr, ENVIRON["F_MS_DELIMITER"]);
        for(i=1; i<=n; i++){
           printf "read -r -d \047\047 F_MS_EVAL_ITEM << '0EA41DB0533442FA9DF7E74E0D9E945E25AE7F1CE7E0460891104717436E4130'\nBEGIN\n%sEND\n0EA41DB0533442FA9DF7E74E0D9E945E25AE7F1CE7E0460891104717436E4130\nF_MASTER_SPLITTER_R+=(\"${F_MS_EVAL_ITEM:6:-3}\")\n", split_arr[i]
        }
    }')
    unset F_MS_STR_TO_SPLIT F_MS_DELIMITER

    # NOTE: Process the entries for the F_MASTER_SPLITTER_R bash array. By Questor
    eval "$F_MS_EVAL_SPLIT"

}

用法

f_master_splitter "<STR_INPUT>" "<STR_DELIMITER>"

笔记：这f_master_splitter以上作为该项目的一部分完全免费提供ez_i - Create shell script installers easily!。

【讨论】：