如何使用 docker buildx bake 来代替 docker-compose up？

Question

所以我有这个 docker 命令可以在其他机器上正常工作，但由于我的是 M1 芯片，所以我遇到了问题。我想使用buildx 和bake 来为多种架构运行docker 容器。这是命令，

PY_VER=xxxx IMAGE=xxxx DISTRO=xxxxx \
PHARUS_VERSION=$(cat xxxxx/xxxx/xxxxx | tail -1 | awk -F\' '{print $2}') \
DJLABBOOK_VERSION=$(cat package.json | grep \"version\" | awk -F\" '{print $4}') \
HOST_UID=$(id -u) \
docker-compose -f docker-compose-dev.yaml up

我有一个 Dockerfile 并且一切都设置好了，但这不适用于我的 M1 机器。

每当我运行这个命令时， docker buildx bake -f env.hcl app -f docker-bake.hcl 我都会得到这个输出。

 => [internal] load build definition from Dockerfile                                                                            0.1s
 => => transferring dockerfile: 32B                                                                                             0.1s
 => [internal] load .dockerignore                                                                                               0.0s
 => => transferring context: 34B                                                                                                0.0s
 => [internal] load metadata for docker.io/library/node:lts-buster-slim                                                         0.4s
 => [internal] load metadata for docker.io/library/golang:alpine3.11                                                            0.4s
 => [stage-1  1/11] FROM docker.io/library/node:lts-buster-slim@sha256:xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx 0.0s
 => [internal] load build context                                                                                               0.0s
 => => transferring context: 4.47kB                                                                                             0.0s
 => [go_tmp 1/3] FROM docker.io/library/golang:alpine3.11@sha256:xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx  0.0s
 => https://raw.githubusercontent.com/datajoint/miniconda3-docker/master/utilities/startup.go                                   0.1s
 => CACHED [stage-1  2/11] RUN apt-get update && apt-get install wget -y                                                        0.0s
 => CACHED [stage-1  3/11] WORKDIR /home/node                                                                                   0.0s
 => CACHED [stage-1  4/11] COPY --chown=node:node ./package.json ./package-lock.json  /home/node/                               0.0s
 => CACHED [stage-1  5/11] RUN npm install                                                                                      0.0s
 => CACHED [go_tmp 2/3] ADD https://raw.githubusercontent.com/datajoint/miniconda3-docker/master/utilities/startup.go /startup  0.0s
 => CACHED [go_tmp 3/3] RUN cd / && go build startup.go                                                                         0.0s
 => CACHED [stage-1  6/11] COPY --from=go_tmp /startup /startup                                                                 0.0s
 => CACHED [stage-1  7/11] COPY ./docker-entrypoint.sh /docker-entrypoint.sh                                                    0.0s
 => CACHED [stage-1  8/11] RUN   chmod +x /docker-entrypoint.sh &&   chmod 4755 /startup                                        0.0s
 => CACHED [stage-1  9/11] COPY --chown=node:node ./tsconfig.json /home/node/                                                   0.0s
 => CACHED [stage-1 10/11] COPY --chown=node:node ./public  /home/node/public                                                   0.0s
 => CACHED [stage-1 11/11] COPY --chown=node:node ./src  /home/node/src                                                         0.0s
 => exporting to image                                                                                                          0.0s
 => => exporting layers                                                                                                         0.0s
 => => writing image sha256:xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx                                    0.0s

这是我的 env.hcl 文件的内容

PY_VER="3.8"

IMAGE="djbase"

DISTRO="alpine"

PHARUS_VERSION="$(cat pharus/pharus/version.py | tail -1 | awk -F\" '{print $2}')"

DJLABBOOK_VERSION="$(cat package.json | grep \"version\" | awk -F\" '{print $4}')"

HOST_UID="$(id -u)"

以及我的 docker-bake.hcl 的内容

variable "PY_VER" {
    default = "xxx"
}

variable "IMAGE" {
    default = "xxx"
}

variable "DISTRO" {
    default = "xxxxx"
}

variable "PHARUS_VERSION" {
    default = "$(cat xxxx/xxxx/xxxxn.py | tail -1 | awk -F\" '{print $2}')"
}

variable "DJLABBOOK_VERSION" {
    default = "$(cat package.json | grep \"version\" | awk -F\" '{print $4}')"
}

variable "HOST_UID" {
    default = "$(id -u)"
}

target "app" {
    args = {
        PY_VER = "${PY_VER}"
        HOST_UID = "${HOST_UID}"
    }
}

Answer 1

buildx bake 并不是要取代compose up，而是用于构建 docker 镜像。所以它更类似于docker compose build 或只是docker build。您想使用 buildx 的目的是为多种架构构建映像。

您在使用 M1 芯片时遇到的问题可能是您的 docker 映像不适合在该架构 (linux/arm64) 上运行，因为它可能是为 x86 (linux/amd64) 构建的。

确保您已安装 Rosetta 2，并且您的系统应该能够模拟 x86 并运行您的图像。检查docs here for more。

在 docker 下运行模拟图像很慢。所以我一直在做的是使用 bulidx 为多种架构构建镜像，然后你可以使用 docker composer 拉取这些镜像。

# docker-bake.hcl
variable "platforms" {
  default = ["linux/amd64", "linux/arm64"]
}

group "default" {
  targets = [
    "my_image",
  ]
}

target "my_image" {
  dockerfile = "myimage.Dockerfile"
  tags = ["myrepo/myimage:latest"]
  platforms = platforms
}

# Command
docker build bake --push

# docker-compose.yml
version: '3.9'
services:
    dev:
        image: myrepo/myimage:latest

现在您将为两种架构推送一个 docker 映像，并且 docker 将根据其运行的系统自动选择正确的映像。

您可能需要配置 buildx，查看docker multi-arch docs 了解更多信息。