当 GROUP BY 没有在任何地方使用时，SQL 如何抛出无效的列，因为不是在聚合中，也不是在 GROUP BY 中答案

【问题标题】：How can SQL throw Column invalid because not in aggregate and not in GROUP BY when GROUP BY is not used anywhere当 GROUP BY 没有在任何地方使用时，SQL 如何抛出无效的列，因为不是在聚合中，也不是在 GROUP BY 中
【发布时间】：2022-06-28 00:51:25
【问题描述】：

在尝试使用 GpsGate 服务器的报告系统时，我尝试让我只获得每位用户一天的第一次和最后一次旅行。

系统太晦涩，无法获得任何帮助，但我偶然发现了一个我认为不可能的 SQL 错误，也许如果我明白我可以修复 SQL 的原因，那么报告？！

问题是我收到以下错误：

选择列表中的“DistanceDetailed.UserID”列无效，因为它既不包含在聚合函数中，也不包含在 GROUP BY 子句中。

问题是：任何地方都没有GROUP BY。

这个错误是怎么发生的？有没有其他不使用GROUP BY子句可以构成分组的东西？

整个 SQL 非常不可读，因为报告系统使用了许多子查询。

请不要真的试图理解整件事的作用，因为它读起来很可怕。我只需要一个提示，这里会发生任何分组：

SELECT
PeriodStart,
PeriodEnd,
ApplicationID,
SamplingStart AS StartTime,
SamplingEnd AS StopTime,
DistanceDetailed.Name
FROM
(
 SELECT
  CAST('2022-06-23T22:00:00' AS DATETIME) AS PeriodStart,
  CAST('2022-06-24T22:00:00' AS DATETIME) AS PeriodEnd,
  32 AS ApplicationID,
  Users.Username,
  Users.Name,
  DATEDIFF(
    SECOND,
    Distance01.SamplingStart,
    Distance01.SamplingEnd
  ) AS Duration,
      Distance01.SamplingStart,
      Distance01.SamplingEnd,
      Distance01.UserID,
      Distance01.StartAddress,
      Distance01.StopAddress,
      Distance01.DistanceGps,
      Distance01.DistanceOdo,
      Distance01.MaxSpeed,
      Distance01.AvgSpeed,
      Distance01.FatPointState,
      Distance01.Fuel
    FROM
    (
      SELECT
       data_time_stamp_start AS 'SamplingStart',
       data_time_stamp_end AS 'SamplingEnd',
       int_01 AS 'UserID',
       txt_01 AS 'StartAddress',
       txt_02 AS 'StopAddress',
       dbl_01 AS 'DistanceGps',
       dbl_02 AS 'DistanceOdo',
       dbl_03 AS 'MaxSpeed',
       dbl_04 AS 'AvgSpeed',
       dbl_05 AS 'Fuel',
       txt_03 AS 'FatPointState'
      FROM
      reportv3_data_store
      LEFT JOIN reportv3_data_store_ext01 ON reportv3_data_store.report_data_store_id = reportv3_data_store_ext01.report_data_store_id
     WHERE
      report_data_provider_id = 1
      AND int_01 IN (258, 259)
      AND application_id = 32
      AND data_time_stamp_start BETWEEN '2022-06-23T22:00:00'
      AND '2022-06-24T22:00:00'
      AND data_time_stamp_end BETWEEN '2022-06-23T22:00:00'
      AND DATEADD(DAY, 1, '2022-06-24T22:00:00')
      AND (
        true_break = 1
        OR (
          true_break = 0
          AND data_time_stamp_start != data_time_stamp_end
        )
      )
  ) AS Distance01
  JOIN (
    SELECT
      DISTINCT u.user_id AS UserID,
      u.username as Username,
      u.name as Name,
      u.description as Description,
      u.Surname as Surname,
      email as Email,
      driver_id as IButton
    FROM
      users u
      JOIN user_groups ug ON u.user_id = ug.user_id
      JOIN groups g ON g.group_id = ug.group_id
      AND g.application_id = 32
  ) AS Users ON Users.UserID = Distance01.UserID
WHERE
  Distance01.UserID IN (
    SELECT
      UserID
    FROM
      (
        SELECT
          tu.user_id AS UserID,
          t.tag_id AS TagID,
          t.tag_name AS Name,
          t.tag_description AS Description
        FROM
          tag t
          JOIN tag_users tu ON tu.tag_id = t.tag_id
        WHERE
          bo_type = 'Franson.Directory.UserTagWriter'
          AND t.application_id = 32
      ) AS TagUsers
    WHERE
      TagUsers.TagID IN (297)
  )
  AND Distance01.SamplingStart >= '2022-06-23T22:00:00'
  AND Distance01.SamplingEnd <= '2022-06-24T22:00:00'
  AND Distance01.FatPointState != 'sleep'
) AS DistanceDetailed
 JOIN (
  SELECT
    MIN(SamplingStart) AS StartOfDay,
    DistanceDetailed.UserID,
    DATEPART(DAY, DATEADD(SECOND, 7200, SamplingStart)) AS DayOfMonth
  FROM
  (
    SELECT
      CAST('2022-06-23T22:00:00' AS DATETIME) AS PeriodStart,
      CAST('2022-06-24T22:00:00' AS DATETIME) AS PeriodEnd,
      32 AS ApplicationID,
      Users.Username,
      Users.Name,
      DATEDIFF(
        SECOND,
        Distance01.SamplingStart,
        Distance01.SamplingEnd
      ) AS Duration,
      Distance01.SamplingStart,
      Distance01.SamplingEnd,
      Distance01.UserID,
      Distance01.StartAddress,
      Distance01.StopAddress,
      Distance01.DistanceGps,
      Distance01.DistanceOdo,
      Distance01.MaxSpeed,
      Distance01.AvgSpeed,
      Distance01.FatPointState,
      Distance01.Fuel
    FROM
      (
        SELECT
          data_time_stamp_start AS 'SamplingStart',
          data_time_stamp_end AS 'SamplingEnd',
          int_01 AS 'UserID',
          txt_01 AS 'StartAddress',
          txt_02 AS 'StopAddress',
          dbl_01 AS 'DistanceGps',
          dbl_02 AS 'DistanceOdo',
          dbl_03 AS 'MaxSpeed',
          dbl_04 AS 'AvgSpeed',
          dbl_05 AS 'Fuel',
          txt_03 AS 'FatPointState'
        FROM
          reportv3_data_store
          LEFT JOIN reportv3_data_store_ext01 ON reportv3_data_store.report_data_store_id = reportv3_data_store_ext01.report_data_store_id
        WHERE
          report_data_provider_id = 1
          AND int_01 IN (
            258,
            259
          )
          AND application_id = 32
          AND data_time_stamp_start BETWEEN '2022-06-23T22:00:00'
          AND '2022-06-24T22:00:00'
          AND data_time_stamp_end BETWEEN '2022-06-23T22:00:00'
          AND DATEADD(DAY, 1, '2022-06-24T22:00:00')
          AND (
            true_break = 1
            OR (
              true_break = 0
              AND data_time_stamp_start != data_time_stamp_end
            )
          )
      ) AS Distance01
      JOIN (
        SELECT
          DISTINCT u.user_id AS UserID,
          u.username as Username,
          u.name as Name,
          u.description as Description,
          u.Surname as Surname,
          email as Email,
          driver_id as IButton
        FROM
          users u
          JOIN user_groups ug ON u.user_id = ug.user_id
          JOIN groups g ON g.group_id = ug.group_id
          AND g.application_id = 32
      ) AS Users ON Users.UserID = Distance01.UserID
    WHERE
      Distance01.UserID IN (
        SELECT
          UserID
        FROM
          (
            SELECT
              tu.user_id AS UserID,
              t.tag_id AS TagID,
              t.tag_name AS Name,
              t.tag_description AS Description
            FROM
              tag t
              JOIN tag_users tu ON tu.tag_id = t.tag_id
            WHERE
              bo_type = 'Franson.Directory.UserTagWriter'
              AND t.application_id = 32
          ) AS TagUsers
        WHERE
          TagUsers.TagID IN (297)
      )
      AND Distance01.SamplingStart >= '2022-06-23T22:00:00'
      AND Distance01.SamplingEnd <= '2022-06-24T22:00:00'
      AND Distance01.FatPointState != 'sleep'
  ) AS DistanceDetailed
) AS StartTag ON StartTag.UserID = DistanceDetailed.UserID
 AND DistanceDetailed.FatPointState = 'run'
 AND DATEPART(DAY, DATEADD(SECOND, 7200, SamplingStart)) = DATEPART(DAY, DATEADD(SECOND, 7200, StartTag.StartOfDay))
JOIN (
 SELECT
  MAX(SamplingStart) AS EndOfDay,
  DistanceDetailed.UserID,
  DATEPART(DAY, DATEADD(SECOND, 7200, SamplingStart)) AS DayOfMonth
 FROM
  (
    SELECT
      CAST('2022-06-23T22:00:00' AS DATETIME) AS PeriodStart,
      CAST('2022-06-24T22:00:00' AS DATETIME) AS PeriodEnd,
      32 AS ApplicationID,
      Users.Username,
      Users.Name,
      DATEDIFF(
        SECOND,
        Distance01.SamplingStart,
        Distance01.SamplingEnd
      ) AS Duration,         
      Distance01.SamplingStart,
      Distance01.SamplingEnd,
      Distance01.UserID,
      Distance01.StartAddress,
      Distance01.StopAddress,
      Distance01.DistanceGps,
      Distance01.DistanceOdo,
      Distance01.MaxSpeed,
      Distance01.AvgSpeed,
      Distance01.FatPointState,
      Distance01.Fuel
    FROM
      (
        SELECT
          data_time_stamp_start AS 'SamplingStart',
          data_time_stamp_end AS 'SamplingEnd',
          int_01 AS 'UserID',
          txt_01 AS 'StartAddress',
          txt_02 AS 'StopAddress',
          dbl_01 AS 'DistanceGps',
          dbl_02 AS 'DistanceOdo',
          dbl_03 AS 'MaxSpeed',
          dbl_04 AS 'AvgSpeed',
          dbl_05 AS 'Fuel',
          txt_03 AS 'FatPointState'
        FROM
          reportv3_data_store
          LEFT JOIN reportv3_data_store_ext01 ON reportv3_data_store.report_data_store_id = reportv3_data_store_ext01.report_data_store_id
        WHERE
          report_data_provider_id = 1
          AND int_01 IN (
            258,
            259
          )
          AND application_id = 32
          AND data_time_stamp_start BETWEEN '2022-06-23T22:00:00'
          AND '2022-06-24T22:00:00'
          AND data_time_stamp_end BETWEEN '2022-06-23T22:00:00'
          AND DATEADD(DAY, 1, '2022-06-24T22:00:00')
          AND (
            true_break = 1
            OR (
              true_break = 0
              AND data_time_stamp_start != data_time_stamp_end
            )
          )
      ) AS Distance01
      JOIN (
        SELECT
          DISTINCT u.user_id AS UserID,
          u.username as Username,
          u.name as Name,
          u.description as Description,
          u.Surname as Surname,
          email as Email,
          driver_id as IButton
        FROM
          users u
          JOIN user_groups ug ON u.user_id = ug.user_id
          JOIN groups g ON g.group_id = ug.group_id
          AND g.application_id = 32
      ) AS Users ON Users.UserID = Distance01.UserID
    WHERE
      Distance01.UserID IN (
        SELECT
          UserID
        FROM
          (
            SELECT
              tu.user_id AS UserID,
              t.tag_id AS TagID,
              t.tag_name AS Name,
              t.tag_description AS Description
            FROM
              tag t
              JOIN tag_users tu ON tu.tag_id = t.tag_id
            WHERE
              bo_type = 'Franson.Directory.UserTagWriter'
              AND t.application_id = 32
          ) AS TagUsers
        WHERE
          TagUsers.TagID IN (297)
      )
      AND Distance01.SamplingStart >= '2022-06-23T22:00:00'
      AND Distance01.SamplingEnd <= '2022-06-24T22:00:00'
      AND Distance01.FatPointState != 'sleep'
  ) AS DistanceDetailed
) AS EndeTag ON EndeTag.UserID = DistanceDetailed.UserID
AND DistanceDetailed.FatPointState = 'run'
AND DATEPART(DAY, DATEADD(SECOND, 7200, SamplingStart)) = DATEPART(DAY, DATEADD(SECOND, 7200, EndeTag.EndOfDay))
ORDER BY
  DATEPART(DAY, DATEADD(SECOND, 7200, SamplingStart)),
  DistanceDetailed.UserID

【问题讨论】：

因为你有非窗口聚合函数，并且在同一范围内有非聚合列，你必须有一个GROUP BY 子句。因此，您省略了 GROUP BY 是缺陷，或者您的其他列应该被聚合，因此您不需要 GROUP BY 子句..
您的 MIN(SamplingStart) 没有分组依据。
MAX(SamplingStart) OVER (PARTITION BY DistanceDetails.UserID) AS EndOfDay??
请注意，错误消息显示的是“要么...或”，而不是标题中的“和”。在没有group by 的情况下使用聚合函数意味着一种类似于group by 'All' -- *invalid sql 的逻辑分组。也就是说，它将所有行折叠成一行。

标签： sql-server group-by

【解决方案1】：

因为您有非窗口聚合函数，并且在同一范围内有非聚合列，所以您必须有一个 GROUP BY 子句。因此，您省略了 GROUP BY 是缺陷，或者您的其他列应该被聚合，因此您不需要 GROUP BY 子句。

例如这个查询

select max(OrderDate) OrderDate, SalesOrderID
from Sales.SalesOrderHeader

失败并出现同样的错误。显然，一些引擎允许这样做，并将其视为全局聚合，SQL Server 要求您将窗口聚合用于：

select max(OrderDate) over () OrderDate, SalesOrderID
from Sales.SalesOrderHeader

尝试使用报告系统时

所以这似乎是报告系统中的一个错误。

【讨论】：