我创建了一个DoubleFormatter 以有效地将大量双精度值转换为漂亮/可呈现的字符串：
double horribleNumber = 3598945.141658554548844;
DoubleFormatter df = new DoubleFormatter(4, 6); // 4 = MaxInteger, 6 = MaxDecimal
String beautyDisplay = df.format(horribleNumber);
- 如果 V 的整数部分大于 MaxInteger => 以科学格式 (1.2345E+30) 显示 V。否则，以正常格式 (124.45678) 显示。
- MaxDecimal 决定十进制位数（用bankers' rounding 修剪）
代码如下：
import java.math.RoundingMode;
import java.text.DecimalFormat;
import java.text.DecimalFormatSymbols;
import java.text.NumberFormat;
import java.util.Locale;
import com.google.common.base.Preconditions;
import com.google.common.base.Strings;
/**
* Convert a double to a beautiful String (US-local):
*
* double horribleNumber = 3598945.141658554548844;
* DoubleFormatter df = new DoubleFormatter(4,6);
* String beautyDisplay = df.format(horribleNumber);
* String beautyLabel = df.formatHtml(horribleNumber);
*
* Manipulate 3 instances of NumberFormat to efficiently format a great number of double values.
* (avoid to create an object NumberFormat each call of format()).
*
* 3 instances of NumberFormat will be reused to format a value v:
*
* if v < EXP_DOWN, uses nfBelow
* if EXP_DOWN <= v <= EXP_UP, uses nfNormal
* if EXP_UP < v, uses nfAbove
*
* nfBelow, nfNormal and nfAbove will be generated base on the precision_ parameter.
*
* @author: DUONG Phu-Hiep
*/
public class DoubleFormatter
{
private static final double EXP_DOWN = 1.e-3;
private double EXP_UP; // always = 10^maxInteger
private int maxInteger_;
private int maxFraction_;
private NumberFormat nfBelow_;
private NumberFormat nfNormal_;
private NumberFormat nfAbove_;
private enum NumberFormatKind {Below, Normal, Above}
public DoubleFormatter(int maxInteger, int maxFraction){
setPrecision(maxInteger, maxFraction);
}
public void setPrecision(int maxInteger, int maxFraction){
Preconditions.checkArgument(maxFraction>=0);
Preconditions.checkArgument(maxInteger>0 && maxInteger<17);
if (maxFraction == maxFraction_ && maxInteger_ == maxInteger) {
return;
}
maxFraction_ = maxFraction;
maxInteger_ = maxInteger;
EXP_UP = Math.pow(10, maxInteger);
nfBelow_ = createNumberFormat(NumberFormatKind.Below);
nfNormal_ = createNumberFormat(NumberFormatKind.Normal);
nfAbove_ = createNumberFormat(NumberFormatKind.Above);
}
private NumberFormat createNumberFormat(NumberFormatKind kind) {
// If you do not use the Guava library, replace it with createSharp(precision);
final String sharpByPrecision = Strings.repeat("#", maxFraction_);
NumberFormat f = NumberFormat.getInstance(Locale.US);
// Apply bankers' rounding: this is the rounding mode that
// statistically minimizes cumulative error when applied
// repeatedly over a sequence of calculations
f.setRoundingMode(RoundingMode.HALF_EVEN);
if (f instanceof DecimalFormat) {
DecimalFormat df = (DecimalFormat) f;
DecimalFormatSymbols dfs = df.getDecimalFormatSymbols();
// Set group separator to space instead of comma
//dfs.setGroupingSeparator(' ');
// Set Exponent symbol to minus 'e' instead of 'E'
if (kind == NumberFormatKind.Above) {
dfs.setExponentSeparator("e+"); //force to display the positive sign in the exponent part
} else {
dfs.setExponentSeparator("e");
}
df.setDecimalFormatSymbols(dfs);
// Use exponent format if v is outside of [EXP_DOWN,EXP_UP]
if (kind == NumberFormatKind.Normal) {
if (maxFraction_ == 0) {
df.applyPattern("#,##0");
} else {
df.applyPattern("#,##0."+sharpByPrecision);
}
} else {
if (maxFraction_ == 0) {
df.applyPattern("0E0");
} else {
df.applyPattern("0."+sharpByPrecision+"E0");
}
}
}
return f;
}
public String format(double v) {
if (Double.isNaN(v)) {
return "-";
}
if (v==0) {
return "0";
}
final double absv = Math.abs(v);
if (absv<EXP_DOWN) {
return nfBelow_.format(v);
}
if (absv>EXP_UP) {
return nfAbove_.format(v);
}
return nfNormal_.format(v);
}
/**
* Format and higlight the important part (integer part & exponent part)
*/
public String formatHtml(double v) {
if (Double.isNaN(v)) {
return "-";
}
return htmlize(format(v));
}
/**
* This is the base alogrithm: create a instance of NumberFormat for the value, then format it. It should
* not be used to format a great numbers of value
*
* We will never use this methode, it is here only to understanding the Algo principal:
*
* format v to string. precision_ is numbers of digits after decimal.
* if EXP_DOWN <= abs(v) <= EXP_UP, display the normal format: 124.45678
* otherwise display scientist format with: 1.2345e+30
*
* pre-condition: precision >= 1
*/
@Deprecated
public String formatInefficient(double v) {
// If you do not use Guava library, replace with createSharp(precision);
final String sharpByPrecision = Strings.repeat("#", maxFraction_);
final double absv = Math.abs(v);
NumberFormat f = NumberFormat.getInstance(Locale.US);
// Apply bankers' rounding: this is the rounding mode that
// statistically minimizes cumulative error when applied
// repeatedly over a sequence of calculations
f.setRoundingMode(RoundingMode.HALF_EVEN);
if (f instanceof DecimalFormat) {
DecimalFormat df = (DecimalFormat) f;
DecimalFormatSymbols dfs = df.getDecimalFormatSymbols();
// Set group separator to space instead of comma
dfs.setGroupingSeparator(' ');
// Set Exponent symbol to minus 'e' instead of 'E'
if (absv>EXP_UP) {
dfs.setExponentSeparator("e+"); //force to display the positive sign in the exponent part
} else {
dfs.setExponentSeparator("e");
}
df.setDecimalFormatSymbols(dfs);
//use exponent format if v is out side of [EXP_DOWN,EXP_UP]
if (absv<EXP_DOWN || absv>EXP_UP) {
df.applyPattern("0."+sharpByPrecision+"E0");
} else {
df.applyPattern("#,##0."+sharpByPrecision);
}
}
return f.format(v);
}
/**
* Convert "3.1416e+12" to "<b>3</b>.1416e<b>+12</b>"
* It is a html format of a number which highlight the integer and exponent part
*/
private static String htmlize(String s) {
StringBuilder resu = new StringBuilder("<b>");
int p1 = s.indexOf('.');
if (p1>0) {
resu.append(s.substring(0, p1));
resu.append("</b>");
} else {
p1 = 0;
}
int p2 = s.lastIndexOf('e');
if (p2>0) {
resu.append(s.substring(p1, p2));
resu.append("<b>");
resu.append(s.substring(p2, s.length()));
resu.append("</b>");
} else {
resu.append(s.substring(p1, s.length()));
if (p1==0){
resu.append("</b>");
}
}
return resu.toString();
}
}
注意：我使用了 Guava 库中的两个函数。如果你不使用 Guava，请自己编写代码：
/**
* Equivalent to Strings.repeat("#", n) of the Guava library:
*/
private static String createSharp(int n) {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
for (int i=0; i<n; i++) {
sb.append('#');
}
return sb.toString();
}