GROUP BY 用于 SQL 中的连续行

Question

给定下表：

身份证件日期 12 1 2009-07-16 10:00 45 2 2009-07-16 13:00 67 2 2009-07-16 14:40 77 1 2009-07-16 15:00 89 1 2009-07-16 15:30 99 1 2009-07-16 16:00

问题：
如何按字段“状态”进行 GROUP，同时仍保持状态更改之间的边界？

SELECT MIN(ID) AS ID, State, MIN(Date) AS Date, COUNT(ID) AS Count
FROM table GROUP BY State

结果如下：

ID 状态日期计数 12 1 2009-07-16 10:00 4 45 2 2009-07-16 13:00 2

但这是所需的输出：

ID 状态日期计数 12 1 2009-07-16 10:00 1 45 2 2009-07-16 13:00 2 77 1 2009-07-16 15:00 3
这在 SQL 中可能吗？到目前为止我还没有找到解决方案...

Answer 1

我在这里可能会说显而易见的，但如果您愿意使用 Transact-SQL，您可以遍历表的行并构建自己的结果集，这可能看起来很麻烦，但肯定会工作。迭代可以完成without the use of cursors。

Answer 2

Here 详细描述了 Quassnoi 提供的解决方案的工作原理

Answer 3

这是在 MSSQL 服务器上使用 CTE 的方法

-- DROP TABLE MyLog
CREATE TABLE MyLog(
        ID          INT PRIMARY KEY
        , State     INT
        , Date      DATETIME
        )
INSERT MyLog
SELECT 12, 1, '2009-07-16 10:00' UNION ALL
SELECT 45, 2, '2009-07-16 13:00' UNION ALL
SELECT 67, 2, '2009-07-16 14:40' UNION ALL
SELECT 77, 1, '2009-07-16 15:00' UNION ALL
SELECT 89, 1, '2009-07-16 15:30' UNION ALL
SELECT 99, 1, '2009-07-16 16:00'

;WITH   CTE
AS      (
        SELECT  ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY ID) AS RowNo
                , *
        FROM    MyLog
        )
, MyLogGroup
AS      (
        SELECT  l.*
                , ( SELECT  MAX(ID)
                    FROM    CTE c
                    WHERE   NOT EXISTS (SELECT * FROM CTE
                                        WHERE RowNo = c.RowNo-1 AND State = c.State)
                            AND c.ID <= l.ID) AS GroupID
        FROM    MyLog l
        )
SELECT  *
FROM    MyLogGroup

Answer 4

SELECT  MIN(id) AS id, MIN(ts) AS ts, MIN(state) AS state, COUNT(*) cnt
FROM    (
        SELECT  @r := @r + (@state != state) AS gn,
                @state := state AS sn,
                s.*
        FROM    (
                SELECT  @r := 0,
                        @state := 0
                ) vars,
                t_state s
        ORDER BY
                ts
        ) q
GROUP BY
        gn

用于测试的表创建脚本：

CREATE TABLE t_state (id INT NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY, state INT NOT NULL, ts DATETIME NOT NULL);

INSERT
INTO  t_state
VALUES
(12,   1,      '2009-07-16 10:00'),
(45,   2,      '2009-07-16 13:00'),
(67,   2,      '2009-07-16 14:40'),
(77,   1,      '2009-07-16 15:00'),
(89,   1,      '2009-07-16 15:30'),
(99,   1,      '2009-07-16 16:00');