按月求和并将月份作为列

Question

背景

我有每月的时间序列数据，我想对每个 ID 的值求和，按月份分组，然后将月份名称作为列而不是行。

示例

+----+------------+-------+-------+
| id | extra_info | month | value |
+----+------------+-------+-------+
| 1  | abc        | jan   | 10    |
| 1  | abc        | feb   | 20    |
| 2  | def        | jan   | 10    |
| 2  | def        | feb   | 5     |
| 1  | abc        | jan   | 15    |
| 3  | ghi        | mar   | 15    |

想要的结果

+----+------------+-----+-----+-----+
| id | extra_info | jan | feb | mar |
+----+------------+-----+-----+-----+
| 1  | abc        | 25  | 20  | 0   |
| 2  | def        | 10  | 5   | 0   |
| 3  | ghi        | 0   | 0   | 15  |

当前方法

我可以轻松地按月分组，对这些值求和。这让我：

-----------------------------------
| id | extra_info | month | value |
+----+------------+-------+-------+
| 1  | abc        | jan   | 25    |
| 1  | abc        | feb   | 20    |
| 2  | def        | jan   | 10    |
| 2  | def        | feb   | 5     |
| 3  | ghi        | mar   | 15    |

但我现在需要这些月份作为列名。不知道从这里去哪里。

附加信息

• 就语言而言，此查询将在 postgres 中运行。
• 以上月份只是示例，显然真实数据集要大得多，涵盖了数千个 ID 的全部 12 个月

非常感谢 SQL 大师的任何想法！

Answer 1

tablefunc模块

我会为此使用crosstab()。如果您还没有安装附加模块tablefunc：

CREATE EXTENSION tablefunc

这里的基本信息：
PostgreSQL Crosstab Query

如何处理多余的列：
Pivot on Multiple Columns using Tablefunc

高级用法：
Dynamic alternative to pivot with CASE and GROUP BY

设置

CREATE TEMP TABLE tbl
   (id int, extra_info varchar(3), month date, value int);
   
INSERT INTO tbl (id, extra_info, month, value)
VALUES
   (1, 'abc', '2012-01-01', 10),
   (1, 'abc', '2012-02-01', 20),
   (2, 'def', '2012-01-01', 10),
   (2, 'def', '2012-02-01', 5),
   (1, 'abc', '2012-01-01', 15),
   (3, 'ghi', '2012-03-01', 15);

我在基表中使用了实际的date，因为我假设只是为了简化您的问题而隐藏它。但是只有月份名称，ORDER BY 将一事无成。

查询

SELECT * FROM crosstab(
     $$SELECT id, extra_info, to_char(month, 'mon'), sum(value) AS value
       FROM   tbl
       GROUP  BY 1,2,month
       ORDER  BY 1,2,month$$

    ,$$VALUES
      ('jan'::text), ('feb'), ('mar'), ('apr'), ('may'), ('jun')
    , ('jul'),       ('aug'), ('sep'), ('oct'), ('nov'), ('dec')$$
   )
AS ct (id  int, extra text
   , jan int, feb int, mar int, apr int, may int, jun int
   , jul int, aug int, sep int, oct int, nov int, dec int);

结果：

 id | extra | jan | feb | mar | apr | may | jun | jul | aug | sep | oct | nov | dec
----+-------+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----+-----
  1 | abc   |  25 |  20 |     |     |     |     |     |     |     |     |     |
  2 | def   |  10 |   5 |     |     |     |     |     |     |     |     |     |
  3 | ghi   |     |     |  15 |     |     |     |     |     |     |     |     |

安装 tablefunc 模块需要一些开销和一些学习，但生成的查询更快、更短、更通用。

Answer 2

您可以使用带有CASE 表达式的聚合函数将行转换为列：

select id,
  extra_info,
  sum(case when month = 'jan' then value else 0 end) jan,
  sum(case when month = 'feb' then value else 0 end) feb,
  sum(case when month = 'mar' then value else 0 end) mar,
  sum(case when month = 'apr' then value else 0 end) apr,
  sum(case when month = 'may' then value else 0 end) may,
  sum(case when month = 'jun' then value else 0 end) jun,
  sum(case when month = 'jul' then value else 0 end) jul,
  sum(case when month = 'aug' then value else 0 end) aug,
  sum(case when month = 'sep' then value else 0 end) sep,
  sum(case when month = 'oct' then value else 0 end) oct,
  sum(case when month = 'nov' then value else 0 end) nov,
  sum(case when month = 'dec' then value else 0 end) "dec"
from yt
group by id, extra_info

见SQL Fiddle with Demo