将第二个动画图嵌入到 PyQt5 GUI

Question

我想在 GUI 中添加第二个动画图表，其中包含我的第一个动画图表，两个图表同时动画，但我不确定如何。

这是我的代码：

import sys
import numpy as np
from matplotlib.backends.qt_compat import QtWidgets
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import (
        FigureCanvas, NavigationToolbar2QT as NavigationToolbar)
from matplotlib.figure import Figure
from matplotlib import animation


class ApplicationWindow(QtWidgets.QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self._main = QtWidgets.QWidget()
        self.setCentralWidget(self._main)
        layout = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout(self._main)

        self.fig = Figure(figsize=(5, 3))
        self.canvas = FigureCanvas(self.fig)
        layout.addWidget(self.canvas)
        self.addToolBar(NavigationToolbar(self.canvas, self))

        self.setup()

    def setup(self):
        self.ax = self.fig.subplots()
        self.ax.set_aspect('equal')
        self.ax.grid(True, linestyle = '-', color = '0.10')
        self.ax.set_xlim([-15, 15])
        self.ax.set_ylim([-15, 15])

        self.scat = self.ax.scatter([], [], c=(0.9, 0.1, 0.5),  zorder=3)
        self.scat.set_alpha(0.8)

        self.anim = animation.FuncAnimation(self.fig, self.update,
                                                 frames = 720, interval = 10)

    def update(self, i):

        self.scat.set_offsets(([np.cos(np.radians(i))*7.5, np.sin(np.radians(i))*7.5], [0,0]))

if __name__ == "__main__":
    qapp = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
    app = ApplicationWindow()
    app.show()
    qapp.exec_()

这里是一些示例代码，在同一个窗口中有两个图表（就像我想要的那样） 在这里，他们对动画图使用_update_canvas 函数，在应用程序窗口类中绘制另一个图（这只是一个静态图）。 我正在使用update 绘图函数来为我的图表设置动画，我需要 second update 绘图函数吗？怎么样？

示例代码：

import sys
import time
import numpy as np

from matplotlib.backends.qt_compat import QtCore, QtWidgets, is_pyqt5
if is_pyqt5():
    from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import (
        FigureCanvas, NavigationToolbar2QT as NavigationToolbar)
else:
    from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt4agg import (
        FigureCanvas, NavigationToolbar2QT as NavigationToolbar)
from matplotlib.figure import Figure


class ApplicationWindow(QtWidgets.QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self._main = QtWidgets.QWidget()
        self.setCentralWidget(self._main)
        layout = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout(self._main)

        static_canvas = FigureCanvas(Figure(figsize=(5, 3)))
        layout.addWidget(static_canvas)
        self.addToolBar(NavigationToolbar(static_canvas, self))

        dynamic_canvas = FigureCanvas(Figure(figsize=(5, 3)))
        layout.addWidget(dynamic_canvas)
        self.addToolBar(QtCore.Qt.BottomToolBarArea,
                        NavigationToolbar(dynamic_canvas, self))

        self._static_ax = static_canvas.figure.subplots()
        t = np.linspace(0, 10, 501)
        self._static_ax.plot(t, np.tan(t), ".")

        self._dynamic_ax = dynamic_canvas.figure.subplots()
        self._timer = dynamic_canvas.new_timer(
            100, [(self._update_canvas, (), {})])
        self._timer.start()

    def _update_canvas(self):
        self._dynamic_ax.clear()
        t = np.linspace(0, 10, 101)
        # Shift the sinusoid as a function of time.
        self._dynamic_ax.plot(t, np.sin(t + time.time()))
        self._dynamic_ax.figure.canvas.draw()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    qapp = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
    app = ApplicationWindow()
    app.show()
    qapp.exec_()

Answer 1

要嵌入多个动画图表，您需要创建多个绘图对象（Figure 和FigureCanvas），然后将每个对象添加到QVBoxLayout。如果要水平显示，可以使用QHBoxLayout。每个绘图对象都有自己的子图、网格和数据。要更新每个绘图的数据，您需要每个绘图都有其单独的绘图更新函数，您可以将其传递给animation.FuncAnimation 处理程序。因此，在您的情况下，要拥有两个动画图，您将需要两个更新绘图函数。

from matplotlib.figure import Figure
from matplotlib import animation
import numpy as np
import sys, matplotlib
from PyQt5 import QtWidgets, QtCore
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import (FigureCanvas, NavigationToolbar2QT as NavigationToolbar)

class ApplicationWindow(QtWidgets.QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self._main = QtWidgets.QWidget()
        self.setCentralWidget(self._main)
        layout = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout(self._main)

        # Configure figure 1 
        self.fig1 = Figure(figsize=(5, 3))
        self.canvas1 = FigureCanvas(self.fig1)

        # Configure figure 2
        self.fig2 = Figure(figsize=(5, 3))
        self.canvas2 = FigureCanvas(self.fig2)

        layout.addWidget(self.canvas1)
        layout.addWidget(self.canvas2)
        self.addToolBar(NavigationToolbar(self.canvas1, self))
        self.addToolBar(QtCore.Qt.BottomToolBarArea, NavigationToolbar(self.canvas2, self))

        self.setup()

    def setup(self):
        # Plot 1 (top)
        self.ax1 = self.fig1.subplots()
        self.ax1.set_aspect('equal')
        self.ax1.grid(True, linestyle = '-', color = '0.10')
        self.ax1.set_xlim([-15, 15])
        self.ax1.set_ylim([-15, 15])

        # Plot 2 (bottom)
        self.ax2 = self.fig2.subplots()
        self.ax2.set_aspect('equal')
        self.ax2.grid(True, linestyle = '-', color = '0.10')
        self.ax2.set_xlim([-15, 15])
        self.ax2.set_ylim([-15, 15])

        self.scat1 = self.ax1.scatter([], [], c=(0.9, 0.1, 0.5),  zorder=3)
        self.scat1.set_alpha(0.8)

        self.scat2 = self.ax2.scatter([], [], c=(0.9, 0.1, 0.5),  zorder=3)
        self.scat2.set_alpha(0.8)

        self.anim1 = animation.FuncAnimation(self.fig1, self.update1,frames = 720, interval = 10)
        self.anim2 = animation.FuncAnimation(self.fig2, self.update2,frames = 720, interval = 10)

    # Update data for plot 1
    def update1(self, i):
        self.scat1.set_offsets(([np.cos(np.radians(i))*7.5, np.sin(np.radians(i))*7.5], [0,0]))

    # Update data for plot 2
    def update2(self, i):
        self.scat2.set_offsets(([np.cos(np.radians(i))*7.5, np.sin(np.radians(i))*7.5], [0,0]))

if __name__ == "__main__":
    qapp = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
    app = ApplicationWindow()
    app.show()
    qapp.exec_()

Answer 2

您需要两个单独的画布和两个单独的图形是否有特定原因？如果不是，那么我同意 ImportanceOfBeingErnest 的评论，并且您应该只创建一个带有 2 个子图的图形/画布，并调用一个更新函数来更新两个轴的内容。

本质上，您的问题将与this one 重复，除了您将动画嵌入到 Qt 应用程序中。

import sys
import time
import numpy as np

from matplotlib.backends.qt_compat import QtCore, QtWidgets, is_pyqt5
if is_pyqt5():
    from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import (
        FigureCanvas, NavigationToolbar2QT as NavigationToolbar)
else:
    from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt4agg import (
        FigureCanvas, NavigationToolbar2QT as NavigationToolbar)
from matplotlib.figure import Figure


class ApplicationWindow(QtWidgets.QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self._main = QtWidgets.QWidget()
        self.setCentralWidget(self._main)
        layout = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout(self._main)

        self.fig = Figure(figsize=(5, 6))
        self.canvas = FigureCanvas(self.fig)
        layout.addWidget(self.canvas)
        self.addToolBar(QtCore.Qt.BottomToolBarArea,
                        NavigationToolbar(self.canvas, self))

        self._axs = self.fig.subplots(2, 1)

        self._timer = self.canvas.new_timer(
            100, [(self._update_canvas, (), {})])
        self._timer.start()

    def _update_canvas(self):
        [ax.clear() for ax in self._axs]
        t = np.linspace(0, 10, 501)
        self._axs[0].plot(t, np.tan(t + time.time()), ".")

        t = np.linspace(0, 10, 101)
        self._axs[1].plot(t, np.sin(t + time.time()))
        self.canvas.draw()


if __name__ == "__main__":
    qapp = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
    app = ApplicationWindow()
    app.show()
    qapp.exec_()