PyQt5 QMainWindow，QDockWidget，根据屏幕尺寸调整自动尺寸

Question

我创建了一个带有菜单栏的QMainWindow 和 4 个dockable widgets。第一个dockwidget内容multipletabs，第二个是Qpainter widget，第三个是Matlabplot，第四个是pdf report。

当我运行时，代码如下所示。

我想像下面这样。

我想在任何屏幕上运行时自动将屏幕分成四个小部件，并且我希望有标签来调整其内容的大小。

或者您对拥有这样的小部件有更好的想法，欢迎您使用它。

代码更新

Qdockwidget 的大小调整带来了这篇文章。似乎 Qt Qdockwidget resize 很久以前就已经是一个问题了。我发现用 4 个 Qdockwidget 对我的 Qmainwindow 进行编程非常困难，dock 会根据其内容调整大小，换句话说，就是子小部件。并且根据 Qt 文档，Qdockwidget 会调整大小并尊重子小部件的大小。直接解决问题，我的主窗口有 4 个 qdockwidget，我想让它们根据内容调整大小。

到目前为止我已经尝试过和使用过的东西。 我使用了以下尺寸函数。

self.sizeHint, self.minimumSize(), self.maximumSize() and self.setFixedSize(self.sizeHint()). 

我可以使用以下代码修复第一个 Qdockwidget 中内容的大小。

self.setFixedSize(self.sizeHint())

以上代码写在子小部件Class widgets 但这还不足以使其工作，尽管需要以下代码才能运行和生效。

    self.first.setMinimumSize(self.first.sizeHint())
    self.grid.setMinimumSize(self.grid.sizeHint())
    self.third.setMinimumSize(self.third.sizeHint())
    self.adjustSize()
    self.first.setMinimumSize(self.first.minimumSizeHint())
    self.grid.setMinimumSize(self.grid.minimumSizeHint())
    self.third.setMinimumSize(self.third.minimumSizeHint())

请注意，我的停靠窗口仍然不会根据子小部件调整大小。 Dockwidget 扩展和增加。有人可能会问，Qdockwidgets 可以通过resizeDocks() 来安排和控制。使用并尝试了此代码行，但仍未获得所需的行为。

我一直在四处寻找，可以找到一些相关的问题。

C++ resize a docked Qt QDockWidget programmatically?

Forcing a QDockWidget to behave like a central widget when it comes to resizing

Create a QDockWidget that resizes to it's contents

这些问题并不能解决我的问题。

我的代码启动的可视化

1- 当代码运行并显示在屏幕上时。

2- 首次运行软件时所需的显示。

3- 当 tabwidgets 之间的用户选项卡想要调整其内容时，如下图所示。

4- 代码如下。

import sys, os
from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtWidgets, QtGui
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QMainWindow, QLabel, QGridLayout, QWidget, 
QDesktopWidget, QApplication, QAction, QFileDialog,QColorDialog
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QPushButton, QMessageBox, QDockWidget, 
QTabWidget, QVBoxLayout, QGroupBox, QHBoxLayout, QFrame, QSplitter
from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QTableWidget, QRadioButton, QListWidget, 
QCheckBox, QTextEdit, QDialog, QSizePolicy
from PyQt5.QtCore import QSize, Qt, QFileInfo, QFile
from PyQt5.QtGui import QIcon, QKeySequence, QPainter, QPalette, QPen, 
QBrush, QTextCursor, QFont

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
#plt.style.use('ggplot')
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import FigureCanvasQTAgg as FigureCanvas
from matplotlib.backends.backend_qt5agg import NavigationToolbar2QT as NavigationToolbar
import seaborn as sns


iconroot = os.path.dirname(__file__)

class mywindow(QMainWindow):
    def __init__(self):
        super(mywindow, self).__init__()

        self.setMinimumSize(QSize(1200,800))
        self.setWindowTitle('My Graphic Window')

        centralWidget = QWidget(self)
        self.setCentralWidget(centralWidget)

        gridLayout = QGridLayout(self)
        centralWidget.setLayout(gridLayout)

        qtRectangle = self.frameGeometry()
        centerPoint = QDesktopWidget().availableGeometry().center()
        qtRectangle.moveCenter(centerPoint)
        self.move(qtRectangle.topLeft())


        imageroot = QFileInfo(__file__).absolutePath()

        # Greate new action
        newaction = QAction(QIcon(imageroot +'/images/new.png'), '&New', self)
        newaction.setShortcut('Ctrl+N')
        newaction.setStatusTip('New document')
        newaction.triggered.connect(self.newCall) 


        # Greate menu bar and add action
        menubar = self.menuBar()
        filemenu = menubar.addMenu('&Test')
        filemenu.addAction(newaction)


        # Get current screen geometry
        self.Screen = QtWidgets.QDesktopWidget().screenGeometry()
        print(self.Screen, self.Screen.height(), self.Screen.width())


#    def createToolbar(self):
        self.filetoolbar = self.addToolBar('File')
        self.filetoolbar.addAction(newaction)


        self.topleftdockwindow()
        self.toprightdockwindow()



    def newCall(self):
        print('New')


    # Greate dockable subwindow. 

    def topleftdockwindow(self):
        topleftwindow = QDockWidget ('Info',self)
        # Stick window to left or right
        topleftwindow.setAllowedAreas(Qt.LeftDockWidgetArea | Qt.RightDockWidgetArea)

        self.addDockWidget(Qt.TopDockWidgetArea, topleftwindow)

        topleftwindow.setWidget(createtabwidget())
        topleftwindow.resize( topleftwindow.minimumSize() )

        bottomleftwindow = QDockWidget("Matplot",self)
        bottomleftwindow.setAllowedAreas(Qt.LeftDockWidgetArea | Qt.RightDockWidgetArea)
        self.addDockWidget(Qt.BottomDockWidgetArea, bottomleftwindow)
        bottomleftwindow.setWidget(createplotwidget())
        self.setDockNestingEnabled(True)     
        topleftwindow.resize( topleftwindow.minimumSize() )

        self.splitDockWidget(topleftwindow, bottomleftwindow , Qt.Vertical)
        #self.resizeDocks((topleftwindow, bottomleftwindow), (40,20), 
#Qt.Horizontal)


        # Greate topright dockwindow. 

    def toprightdockwindow(self):
        toprightdock = QDockWidget ('Plot',self)
        toprightdock = QDockWidget ('Plot',self)
        toprightdock.setAllowedAreas(Qt.LeftDockWidgetArea | Qt.RightDockWidgetArea)
        self.addDockWidget(Qt.TopDockWidgetArea, toprightdock)
        #self.setDockOptions(self.AnimatedDocks | self.AllowNestedDocks)
        toprightdock.setWidget(createpaintwidget())
        toprightdock.setFloating( True )
        bottomrightdock = QDockWidget("Technical report",self)
        bottomrightdock.setAllowedAreas(Qt.LeftDockWidgetArea | Qt.RightDockWidgetArea)
        self.addDockWidget(Qt.BottomDockWidgetArea, bottomrightdock)  
        bottomrightdock.setWidget(QtWidgets.QListWidget())
        self.splitDockWidget(toprightdock, bottomrightdock, Qt.Vertical)




class createpaintwidget(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()      
        self.setBackgroundRole(QPalette.Base)       
        self.setAutoFillBackground(True)
        self.sizeHint()
        self.adjustSize()

    def paintEvent(self, event):
        self.pen = QPen()
        self.brush = QBrush(Qt.gray,Qt.Dense7Pattern)
        painter = QPainter(self)
        painter.setPen(self.pen)
        painter.setBrush(self.brush)
        painter.drawRect(100,100,250,250)
        painter.setBrush(QBrush())
        painter.drawEllipse(400,100,200,200)


class createplotwidget(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()

        self.initializewidget()
        self.plot1()
        self.setMaximumSize(self.sizeHint())
        self.adjustSize()    

    def initializewidget(self):
        self.setWindowTitle("Plotting M&N")
        gridlayout = QGridLayout()
        self.setLayout(gridlayout)

        self.figure = plt.figure(figsize=(15,5))
        self.canvas = FigureCanvas(self.figure)
        self.toolbar = NavigationToolbar(self.canvas,self)
        gridlayout.addWidget(self.canvas,1,0,1,2)
        gridlayout.addWidget(self.toolbar,0,0,1,2)


    def plot1(self):
 #        sns.set()
        ax = self.figure.add_subplot(111)
        x = [i for i in range(100)]
        y = [i**2 for i in x]
        ax.plot(x,y, 'b.-')
        ax.set_title('Quadratic Plot')
        self.canvas.draw()



class createtextdocument(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()

        self.textedit()

    def textedit(self):        
        self.textedit = QTextEdit()
        self.cursor = self.textedit.textCursor()


class createtabwidget(QDialog):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()

        # Greate tabs in dockable window        
        tab = QTabWidget()

        scroll = QScrollArea()
        ncroll = QScrollArea()
        mcroll = QScrollArea()
        self.first = firsttabgeometry()
        self.grid = Grid()
        self.third = thirdtabloads()

        scroll.setWidget(self.first)
        ncroll.setWidget(self.grid)
        mcroll.setWidget(self.third)
        scroll.setWidgetResizable(True)

        self.first.setMinimumSize(self.first.sizeHint())
        self.grid.setMinimumSize(self.grid.sizeHint())
        self.third.setMinimumSize(self.third.sizeHint())
        self.adjustSize()
        self.first.setMinimumSize(self.first.minimumSizeHint())
        self.grid.setMinimumSize(self.grid.minimumSizeHint())
        self.third.setMinimumSize(self.third.minimumSizeHint())

        # Adding multiple tabslides         
        tab.addTab(self.first,'One')
        tab.addTab(self.grid,'Two')
        tab.addTab(self.third,'Three')
        tab.setFont(QFont("Georgia",10,QFont.Normal))

        vboxlayout = QVBoxLayout()
        vboxlayout.addWidget(tab)
        self.setLayout(vboxlayout)


class firsttabgeometry(QWidget):
    def __init__(self):
        super().__init__()
        self.setFixedSize(self.sizeHint())

        iconroot = QFileInfo(__file__).absolutePath()
        font = QFont("Georgia",10,QFont.Normal)

        # Add widget and buttons to tabs
        sectiontypegroupbox = QGroupBox('&One',self)
        sectiontypegroupbox.setFont(QFont("Georgia",10,QFont.Normal))

        tab1button = QPushButton('')
        tab1button.setIcon(QIcon(iconroot +'/images/circularcolumn'))
        tab1button.setIconSize(QSize(60,60))
        tab1button.clicked.connect(self.One)


        squarebutton = QPushButton('')
        squarebutton.setIcon(QIcon(iconroot +'/images/squarecolumn'))
        squarebutton.setIconSize(QSize(60,60))
        squarebutton.clicked.connect(self.Two)

        wallbutton = QPushButton("")
        wallbutton.setIcon(QIcon(iconroot +'/images/wall'))
        wallbutton.setIconSize(QSize(60,60))
        wallbutton.clicked.connect(self.Three)


        circularlabel = QLabel("    One",self)




    circularlabel.setSizePolicy(QSizePolicy.Expanding,QSizePolicy.Expanding)
        circularlabel.setFont(font)
        sclabel = QLabel("    Two",self)
        sclabel.setSizePolicy(QSizePolicy.Expanding,QSizePolicy.Expanding)
        sclabel.setFont(font)

        walllabel = QLabel("    Three",self)
        walllabel.setSizePolicy(QSizePolicy.Expanding,QSizePolicy.Expanding)
        walllabel.setFont(font)


        bottomgroupbox = QGroupBox("Group 2")
        vboxlayout = QHBoxLayout()
        vboxlayout.addStretch()
        radiobutton2 = QRadioButton("Radio Button")
        radiobutton3 = QRadioButton("Radio Button")
        testbutton2 = QPushButton('Test Button 2')
        vboxlayout.addWidget(radiobutton2)
        vboxlayout.addWidget(radiobutton3)
        vboxlayout.addWidget(testbutton2)


        bottomgroupbox.setLayout(vboxlayout)      

        mainlayout = QGridLayout()

        mainlayout.addWidget(tab1button,0,0)
        mainlayout.addWidget(circularlabel,0,1)
        mainlayout.addWidget(squarebutton,1,0)
        mainlayout.addWidget(sclabel,1,1)
        mainlayout.addWidget(wallbutton,2,0)
        mainlayout.addWidget(walllabel,2,1)
        mainlayout.setContentsMargins(200,50,50,50)
        sectiontypegroupbox.setLayout(mainlayout)

        gridlayout = QGridLayout()
        gridlayout.addWidget(sectiontypegroupbox,1,0)
        gridlayout.setContentsMargins(25,25,25,25)
        self.setLayout(gridlayout)


    def One(self):
        print('One')

    def Two(self):
        print('Two')

    def Three(self):
        print('Three')


class FooWidget(QtWidgets.QWidget):
    def __init__(self, path_icon, text, checked=False, parent=None):
        super(FooWidget, self).__init__(parent)
        lay = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout(self)

        pixmap = QtGui.QPixmap(os.path.join(iconroot, path_icon))
        pixmap_label = QtWidgets.QLabel()
        pixmap_label.resize(150, 150)
        pixmap_label.setPixmap(pixmap.scaled(pixmap_label.size(), QtCore.Qt.KeepAspectRatio))

        text_label = QtWidgets.QLabel(text)
        checkbox = QtWidgets.QCheckBox(checked=checked)

        lay.addWidget(pixmap_label)
        lay.addWidget(text_label)
        lay.addWidget(checkbox)


class Grid(QtWidgets.QWidget):
    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super(Grid, self).__init__(parent)
        self.setFixedSize(self.sizeHint())
        font = QFont("Georgia",8,QFont.Normal)
        lay = QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout(self)

        icons = ["images/fixed-fixed.png", 
                 "images/pinned-pinned.png",
                 "images/fixed-free.png",
                 "images/fixed-pinned.png"]

        texts = ["Ley = 1.0 L\nLec = 1.0 L",
             "Ley = 0.699 L\nLec = 0.699 L",
             "Ley = 2.0 L\nLec = 2.0 L",
             "Ley = 0.5 L\nLec = 0.5 L"]

        for path_icon, text in zip(icons, texts):
            w = FooWidget(os.path.join(iconroot, path_icon), text)
            lay.addWidget(w)



class thirdtabloads(QtWidgets.QWidget):
    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super(thirdtabloads, self).__init__(parent)     
        self.adjustSize()
        table = loadtable()


        add_button = QtWidgets.QPushButton("Add")
        add_button.clicked.connect(table._addrow)

        delete_button = QtWidgets.QPushButton("Delete")
        delete_button.clicked.connect(table._removerow)

        copy_button = QtWidgets.QPushButton("Copy")
        copy_button.clicked.connect(table._copyrow)

        button_layout = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout()
        button_layout.addWidget(add_button, alignment=QtCore.Qt.AlignBottom)
        button_layout.addWidget(delete_button, alignment=QtCore.Qt.AlignTop)
        button_layout.addWidget(copy_button, alignment=QtCore.Qt.AlignTop )

        tablehbox = QtWidgets.QHBoxLayout()
        tablehbox.setContentsMargins(10,10,10,10)
        tablehbox.addWidget(table)

        grid = QtWidgets.QGridLayout(self)
        grid.addLayout(button_layout, 0, 1)
        grid.addLayout(tablehbox, 0, 0) 


def copy_widget(w):
    if isinstance(w, QtWidgets.QWidget):
        new_w = type(w)()
        if isinstance(w, QtWidgets.QComboBox):
            vals = [w.itemText(ix) for ix in range(w.count())]
            new_w.addItems(vals)
        return new_w


class loadtable(QtWidgets.QTableWidget):
    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super(loadtable, self).__init__(1, 5, parent)

        self.setFont(QtGui.QFont("Helvetica", 10, QtGui.QFont.Normal, italic=False))   
        headertitle = ("Load Name","N [kN]","My [kNm]","Mz [kNm]","Load Type")
        self.setHorizontalHeaderLabels(headertitle)

        self.verticalHeader().hide()
        self.horizontalHeader().setHighlightSections(False)



   self.horizontalHeader().setSectionResizeMode(QtWidgets.QHeaderView.Fixed)
        self.setSelectionMode(QtWidgets.QAbstractItemView.NoSelection)
        self.setColumnWidth(0, 130)

        combox_lay = QtWidgets.QComboBox(self)
        combox_lay.addItems(["ULS","SLS"])
        self.setCellWidget(0, 4, combox_lay)


        self.cellChanged.connect(self._cellclicked)


    @QtCore.pyqtSlot(int, int)
    def _cellclicked(self, r, c):
        it = self.item(r, c)
        it.setTextAlignment(QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter) 

    @QtCore.pyqtSlot()
    def _addrow(self):
        rowcount = self.rowCount()
        self.insertRow(rowcount)
        combox_add = QtWidgets.QComboBox(self)
        combox_add.addItems(["ULS","SLS"])
        self.setCellWidget(rowcount, 4, combox_add)

    @QtCore.pyqtSlot()
    def _removerow(self):
        if self.rowCount() > 0:
            self.removeRow(self.rowCount()-1)


    @QtCore.pyqtSlot()
    def _copyrow(self):
        r = self.currentRow()
        if 0 <= r < self.rowCount():
            cells = {"items": [], "widgets": []}
            for i in range(self.columnCount()):
                it = self.item(r, i)
                if it:
                    cells["items"].append((i, it.clone()))
                w = self.cellWidget(r, i)
                if w:
                    cells["widgets"].append((i, copy_widget(w)))
            self.copy(cells, r+1)

    def copy(self, cells, r):
        self.insertRow(r)
        for i, it in cells["items"]:
            self.setItem(r, i, it)
        for i, w in cells["widgets"]:
            self.setCellWidget(r, i, w)

if __name__ == '__main__':
    app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)

    app.setStyle("Fusion")
    mainWin = mywindow()
    mainWin.show()
    mainWin.showMaximized()  
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

我将不胜感激。

Answer 1

如果浮动窗口对您的工具来说不是必不可少的，那么您可以尝试删除 QDockWidget 并改用一系列 QSplitter。这样，您可以拥有漂亮的框布局，同时让选项卡可以水平和垂直调整大小，并且在整个工具调整大小时仍然可以正确调整大小。

我的示例在 PySide2 中，但您可能需要对 PyQt5 进行非常小的调整（可能只是导入名称）：

from PySide2 import QtCore
from PySide2 import QtGui
from PySide2 import QtWidgets


class SubWindow(QtWidgets.QWidget):

    def __init__(self, label, parent=None):
        super(SubWindow, self).__init__(parent)

        self.label = QtWidgets.QLabel(label, parent=self)
        self.label.setAlignment(QtCore.Qt.AlignCenter)
        self.label.setStyleSheet("QLabel {font-size:40px;}")

        self.main_layout = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout()
        self.main_layout.addWidget(self.label)
        self.setLayout(self.main_layout)


class MainWindow(QtWidgets.QWidget):

    def __init__(self, parent=None):
        super(MainWindow, self).__init__(parent)

        self.sub_win_1 = SubWindow("1", parent=self)
        self.sub_win_2 = SubWindow("2", parent=self)
        self.sub_win_3 = SubWindow("3", parent=self)
        self.sub_win_4 = SubWindow("4", parent=self)

        self.sub_splitter_1 = QtWidgets.QSplitter(QtCore.Qt.Horizontal, parent=self)
        self.sub_splitter_1.addWidget(self.sub_win_1)
        self.sub_splitter_1.addWidget(self.sub_win_2)

        self.sub_splitter_2 = QtWidgets.QSplitter(QtCore.Qt.Horizontal, parent=self)
        self.sub_splitter_2.addWidget(self.sub_win_3)
        self.sub_splitter_2.addWidget(self.sub_win_4)

        self.splitter = QtWidgets.QSplitter(QtCore.Qt.Vertical, parent=self)
        self.splitter.addWidget(self.sub_splitter_1)
        self.splitter.addWidget(self.sub_splitter_2)

        self.main_layout = QtWidgets.QVBoxLayout()
        self.main_layout.addWidget(self.splitter)
        self.setLayout(self.main_layout)

        self.setWindowTitle("Layout example")
        self.resize(500, 500)


inst = MainWindow()
inst.show()

这会给你这样的东西：

目前，顶部/底部水平分隔器单独运行，但您可以轻松地将它们与事件联系在一起。

希望有帮助！