如何在单个 SQL 查询中获取最新的截止日期和从日期开始的所有内容

Question

好吧，所以我很讨厌 SQL... 如果我在 SQL Server (2015+) 中有一个表 Forecasts，其中包含 CityName、WeatherProviderName、TimeStamp、温度摄氏， 我想要的是过去 2 天报告的每个气象提供者对每个城市的预测，加上每个城市+供应商在过去2天没有预测任何东西的最新预测 em>。

是否有一个查询来获得比单独请求 2 个更高效的查询？ 我知道我可以像这样获得最新的值（基于this article）：

select t.CityName, t.WeatherProviderName, t.TimeStamp, t.TempCelcius from Forecasts t
  inner join (
    select CityName, WeatherProviderName, TempCelcius, max(TimeStamp) as maxTime 
    from Forecasts where TimeStamp < DATEADD(DAY,-2, GETDATE())
    group by CityName, WeatherProviderName
    ) tm on t.CityName = tm.CityName AND t.WeatherProviderName = tm.WeatherProviderName AND t.TimeStamp = tm.maxTime

（也尝试使用that SO question 的分区，但我的测试集慢了 3 倍以上）

我可以通过以下方式获得过去 2 天的所有内容：

select CityName, WeatherProviderName, TimeStamp, TempCelcius from Forecasts where TimeStamp > DATEADD(DAY,-2, GETDATE())

但不是将它们都运行到 2 个集合中并组合起来，有没有办法在一个快速的单个查询中同时获取它们？

答案说明

我按照@Forklift（谢谢）在下面的评论中的建议加入了工会。这是建议的选项中最快的。它看起来像这样：

SELECT t.CityName, t.WeatherProviderName, t.TimeStamp, t.TempCelcius FROM 
Forecasts t
  INNER JOIN (
    SELECT CityName, WeatherProviderName, TempCelcius, max(TimeStamp) AS maxTime 
    FROM Forecasts WHERE TimeStamp < DATEADD(DAY,-2, GETDATE())
    GROUP BY CityName, WeatherProviderName
    ) tm ON t.CityName = tm.CityName AND t.WeatherProviderName = tm.WeatherProviderName AND t.TimeStamp = tm.maxTime
    UNION
    SELECT CityName, WeatherProviderName, TimeStamp, TempCelcius FROM Forecasts WHERE TimeStamp > DATEADD(DAY,-2, GETDATE())

我还将@SqlZsm 标记为答案，因为它确实在单个查询中完成...所以根据您的确切需要，您可以感谢@Forklift 或@SqlZsm :)

Answer 1

这将返回过去两天的所有行，以及最近两天内没有行的行，使用带有 row_number() 的子查询：

select s.CityName, s.WeatherProviderName, s.TimeStamp, s.TempCelcius 
from (
  select t.CityName, t.WeatherProviderName, t.TimeStamp, t.TempCelcius 
    , rn = row_number() over (
        partition by t.CityName, t.WeatherProviderName
        order by t.TimeStamp desc
        )
  from Forecasts t
  ) as s
where s.TimeStamp > dateadd(day,-2, getdate())
  or rn = 1

rextester 演示：http://rextester.com/YQS70477

测试设置：

create table Forecasts (
    CityName varchar(32)
  , WeatherProviderName varchar(32)
  , TimeStamp datetime
  , TempCelcius float
)
insert into Forecasts values 
 ('Sierra Leon','CNN','19881230',30)
,('Sierra Leon','CNN','19881231',30)
,('Sierra Leon','BBC','19881231',30)
,('Sierra Leon','BBC',dateadd(day,-2, getdate()),28)
,('Sierra Leon','BBC',dateadd(day,-1, getdate()),29)
,('Sierra Leon','BBC',getdate(),30)

查询：

select s.CityName, s.WeatherProviderName, s.TimeStamp, s.TempCelcius 
from (
  select t.CityName, t.WeatherProviderName, t.TimeStamp, t.TempCelcius 
    , rn = row_number() over (
        partition by t.CityName, t.WeatherProviderName
        order by t.TimeStamp desc
        )
  from Forecasts t
  ) as s
where s.TimeStamp > dateadd(day,-2, getdate())
  or rn = 1

返回：

+-------------+---------------------+---------------------+-------------+
|  CityName   | WeatherProviderName |      TimeStamp      | TempCelcius |
+-------------+---------------------+---------------------+-------------+
| Sierra Leon | BBC                 | 09.03.2017 19:49:06 |          30 |
| Sierra Leon | BBC                 | 08.03.2017 19:49:06 |          29 |
| Sierra Leon | CNN                 | 31.12.1988 00:00:00 |          30 |
+-------------+---------------------+---------------------+-------------+

Answer 2

你可以试试这个

select CityName, WeatherProviderName, TimeStamp, TempCelcius from Forecasts where TimeStamp > DATEADD(DAY,-2, GETDATE())
union all
select * from (
    select CityName, WeatherProviderName, TimeStamp, TempCelcius, row_number() over (partition by concat(CityName, WeatherProviderName) order by TimeStamp desc) as rn from Forecasts where TimeStamp < DATEADD(DAY,-2, GETDATE())
)
where rn = 1