Prolog如何利用列表元素作为谓词中的变量答案

【问题标题】：Prolog how to utilize list element as a variable in a predicateProlog如何利用列表元素作为谓词中的变量
【发布时间】：2020-04-30 20:28:49
【问题描述】：

美好的一天！我想问一下如何能够将列表元素用作谓词中的变量。

这是我目前能够制作的代码：

case(boeing, [f4, f6, f12, f14, f21, f1, f10]).

go(Case) :-
    case(Case, [H|T]),
    getf124(Case, H).

getf124(Case,factorsSoFar) :-
member(f3, factorsSoFar),
write(['the defendent is the owner of secret']),
nl, getf123(Case, [f124|factorsSoFar]).

getf124(Case,factorsSoFar):-
write(['Accepted that the defendent is not the owner of secret']),
nl, getf123(Case,factorsSoFar).

当我删除 getf124(Case, H) 时，我可以执行查询

?- go(boeing).
true

但这仅意味着我只是检查我的查询是否包含规则库中指定的单词。（在这种情况下是波音）

我的目标是在谓词中使用列表的头部 [H|T]

getf124(Case, factorsSoFar)

所以如果检测到 f4，那么它应该输出

Accepted that the defendent is not the owner of secret

对列表中的每个元素以此类推。（尾巴）

** 编辑：添加了整个代码以供参考**

case(boeing, [f4, f6, f12, f14, f21, f1, f10]).

go(Case) :-
    case(Case, [H|T]),
    getf124(Case, H).

% determine acceptibilty of
% F124, Defendent Ownership Rights
getf124(Case,F) :-
member(f3, F),
write(['the defendent is the owner of secret']), nl, 
getf123(Case, [f124|F]).

getf124(Case,factorsSoFar):-
write(['Accepted that the defendent is not the owner of secret']),
nl, getf123(Case,factorsSoFar).

% determine acceptibilty of
% F123, Maintaining Secrecy via Outsiders
getf123(Case,factorsSoFar) :-
member(f12, factorsSoFar), 
member(f10,factorsSoFar),!,
write(['Efforts made vis a vis Outsiders']),
nl, getf122(Case, [f123|factorsSoFar]).

getf123(Case,factorsSoFar):-
write(['Accepted that Efforts not made vis a vis Outsiders']),
nl, getf122(Case,factorsSoFar).

% determine acceptibilty of
% F122, Maintaining Secrecy via Defendent
getf122(Case,factorsSoFar) :-
member(f4, factorsSoFar), 
member(f1,factorsSoFar),!,
write(['Efforts made a vis a vis Defendent']),
nl, getf121(Case, [f122|factorsSoFar]).

getf122(Case,factorsSoFar):-
write(['Accepted that Efforts not made vis a vis Defendent']),
nl, getf121(Case,factorsSoFar).


% determine acceptibilty of
% F121, Confidentiality Agreement
getf121(Case,factorsSoFar):-
member(f23,factorsSoFar), 
member(f4,factorsSoFar),!,
write(['There was no Confidentiality Agreement']),
nl, getf115(Case,factorsSoFar).

getf121(Case,factorsSoFar):-
write(['Accepted that there was a Confidentiality Agreement']),
nl, getf115(Case,[f121|factorsSoFar]).

% determine acceptibilty of
% F115, Notice of Confidentiality
getf115(Case,factorsSoFar):-
member(f23,factorsSoFar),
write(['defendent was not on notice of Confidentiality']),
nl, getf114(Case,factorsSoFar).

getf115(Case,factorsSoFar):-
member(f21,factorsSoFar),
write(['defendent was on notice of Confidentiality']),
nl, getf114(Case,[f115|factorsSoFar]).

getf115(Case,factorsSoFar):-
member(f14,factorsSoFar),
write(['defendent was on notice of Confidentiality']),
nl, getf114(Case,[f115|factorsSoFar]).

getf115(Case,factorsSoFar):-
member(f5,factorsSoFar),
write(['defendent was not on notice of Confidentiality']),
nl, getf114(Case,factorsSoFar).

getf115(Case,factorsSoFar):-
member(f4,factorsSoFar),
write(['defendent was on notice of Confidentiality']),
nl, getf114(Case,[f115|factorsSoFar]).

getf115(Case,factorsSoFar):-
member(f13,factorsSoFar),
write(['defendent was on notice of Confidentiality']),
nl, getf114(Case,[f115|factorsSoFar]).

getf115(Case,factorsSoFar):-
write(['Accepted that defendent was not on notice of Confidentiality']),
nl, getf114(Case,factorsSoFar).

% determine acceptibilty of
% F114, Confidentiality relationship

getf114(Case,factorsSoFar):-
member(f115,factorsSoFar);
member(f121, factorsSoFar),
write(['There was a Confidential Relationship']),
nl, getf112(Case, [f114|factorsSoFar]).

getf114(Case,factorsSoFar):-
write(['Accepted that there was no Confidentiality Relationship']),
nl, getf112(Case,factorsSoFar).

% determine acceptability of
% F112, Information used 
getf112(Case,factorsSoFar):- 
member(f18,factorsSoFar), 
write(['The information was used']),
nl, getf111(Case,[f112|factorsSoFar]).

getf112(Case,factorsSoFar):- 
member(f8,factorsSoFar), 
write(['the information was used']),
nl, getf111(Case,[f112|factorsSoFar]).

getf112(Case,factorsSoFar):- 
member(f7,factorsSoFar), 
write(['the information was used']),
nl, getf111(Case,[f112|factorsSoFar]).

getf112(Case,factorsSoFar):- 
member(f17,factorsSoFar), 
write(['the information was not used']), 
nl, getf111(Case,factorsSoFar).

getf112(Case,factorsSoFar):- 
write(['accepted that the information was used']),
nl, getf111(Case,[f112|factorsSoFar]).

% determine acceptibilty of
% F111, Questionable means
getf111(Case,factorsSoFar):-
member(f25,factorsSoFar);
write(['Questionable means not were used']),
nl, getf108(Case,factorsSoFar).

getf111(Case,factorsSoFar):-
member(f17,factorsSoFar);
write(['Questionable means not were used']),
nl, getf108(Case,factorsSoFar).

getf111(Case,factorsSoFar):-
member(f22,factorsSoFar);
write(['Questionable means were used']),
nl, getf108(Case,[f111|factorsSoFar]).

getf111(Case,factorsSoFar):-
member(f26,factorsSoFar);
write(['Questionable means were used']),
nl, getf108(Case,[f111|factorsSoFar]).

getf111(Case,factorsSoFar):-
member(f14,factorsSoFar);
write(['Questionable means were used']),
nl, getf108(Case,[f111|factorsSoFar]).

getf111(Case,factorsSoFar):-
member(f2,factorsSoFar);
write(['Questionable means were used']),
nl, getf108(Case,[f111|factorsSoFar]).

getf111(Case,factorsSoFar):-
member(f1,factorsSoFar);
write(['Questionable means not were used']),
nl, getf108(Case,factorsSoFar).

getf111(Case,factorsSoFar):-
write(['Accepted that questionable means not were used']),
nl, getf108(Case,factorsSoFar).

% determine acceptibilty of
% F108, Information available elsewhere
getf108(Case,factorsSoFar):-
member(f16,factorsSoFar);
member(f24,factorsSoFar),
write(['the Information was available elsewhere']),
nl, getf106(Case, [f108|factorsSoFar]).

getf108(Case,factorsSoFar):-
write(['Accepted that the Information was not available elsewhere']),
nl, getf106(Case,factorsSoFar).

% determine acceptibilty of
% F106, Information Known
getf106(Case,factorsSoFar):-
member(f20,factorsSoFar),
write(['The information is known']),
nl, getf105(Case, [f106|factorsSoFar]).

getf106(Case,factorsSoFar):-
member(f27,factorsSoFar),
member(f15,factorsSoFar), !,
write(['The information is known']),
nl, getf105(Case, [f106|factorsSoFar]).

getf106(Case,factorsSoFar):-
member(f27,factorsSoFar),
member(f123,factorsSoFar),!,
write(['The information is known']),
nl, getf105(Case, [f106|factorsSoFar]).

getf106(Case,factorsSoFar):-
write(['Accepted that the information is not known']),
nl, getf105(Case, [f106|factorsSoFar]).

% determine acceptibilty of 
% F105, Information Known Or available
getf105(Case,factorsSoFar):-
member(f106, factorsSoFar);
member(f108, factorsSoFar),
write(['The information was known or available']),
nl, getf104(Case, [f105|factorsSoFar]).

getf105(Case,factorsSoFar):-
write(['Accepted that the information was neither known or available']),
nl, getf104(Case, factorsSoFar).

% determine acceptibilty of
% F104, Information Valuable
getf104(Case,factorsSoFar):-
member(f8,factorsSoFar),
write(['the information was Valuable']),
nl, getf120(Case, [f104|factorsSoFar]).

getf104(Case,factorsSoFar):-
member(f15,factorsSoFar),
write(['the information was Valuable']),
nl, getf120(Case, [f104|factorsSoFar]).

getf104(Case,factorsSoFar):-
member(f105,factorsSoFar),
write(['the information was not Valuable']),
nl, getf120(Case,factorsSoFar).

getf104(Case,factorsSoFar):-
write(['Accepted that the information was Valuable']),
nl, getf120(Case, [f104|factorsSoFar]).


% determine acceptibilty of
% F120, Information legitimately obtained
getf120(Case,factorsSoFar):-
member(f111,factorsSoFar), 
member(f105,factorsSoFar),!,
write(['the information was not legitimately obtained']),
nl, getf110(Case,factorsSoFar).

getf120(Case,factorsSoFar):-
write(['Accepted that the information was legitimately obtained']),
nl, getf110(Case,[f120|factorsSoFar]).

% determine acceptibilty of
% F110, Improper Means 
getf110(Case,factorsSoFar):-
member(f120, factorsSoFar), 
member(f111,factorsSoFar),!,
write(['Improper means were not used']),
nl, getf102(Case,factorsSoFar).

getf110(Case,factorsSoFar):-
write(['Accepted that Improper means were used']),
nl, getf102(Case, [f110|factorsSoFar]).

% determine acceptibilty of
% F102, Efforts to maintain secrecy
getf102(Case,factorsSoFar):-
member(f19,factorsSoFar),
write(['Efforts were not taken to maintain secrecy']),
nl, getf203(Case,factorsSoFar).

getf102(Case,factorsSoFar):-
member(f23,factorsSoFar),
write(['Efforts were not taken to maintain secrecy']),
nl, getf203(Case,factorsSoFar).

getf102(Case,factorsSoFar):-
member(f27,factorsSoFar),
member(f123,factorsSoFar),!,
write(['Efforts were not taken to maintain secrecy']),
nl, getf203(Case,factorsSoFar).

getf102(Case,factorsSoFar):-
member(f6,factorsSoFar),
write(['Efforts were taken to maintain secrecy']),
nl, getf203(Case, [f102|factorsSoFar]).

getf102(Case,factorsSoFar):-
member(f122,factorsSoFar),
write(['Efforts were taken to maintain secrecy']),
nl, getf203(Case, [f102|factorsSoFar]).

getf102(Case,factorsSoFar):-
member(f123,factorsSoFar),
write(['Efforts were taken to maintain secrecy']),
nl, getf203(Case, [f102|factorsSoFar]).

getf102(Case,factorsSoFar):-
write(['Accepted that efforts were not taken to maintain secrecy']),
nl, getf203(Case,factorsSoFar).

% determine acceptibilty of 
% F203, Information Trade secret

getf203(Case,factorsSoFar):-
member(f102,factorsSoFar),
member(f104,factorsSoFar),
write(['Information was a trade secret']),
nl, getf201(Case,[f203|factorsSoFar]).

getf203(Case,factorsSoFar):-
write(['Accepted that Information was not a trade secret']),
nl, getf201(Case,factorsSoFar).

% determine acceptibilty of
% F201, Information misappropriation

getf201(Case,factorsSoFar):-
member(f114,factorsSoFar),
member(f112,factorsSoFar),
write(['Information was misappropriated']),
nl, getf200(Case,[f201|factorsSoFar]).

getf201(Case,factorsSoFar):-
member(f110,factorsSoFar),
write(['Information was misappropriated']),
nl, getf200(Case,[f201|factorsSoFar]).

getf201(Case,factorsSoFar):-
write(['Accepted that Information was not misappropriated']),
nl, getf200(Case,factorsSoFar).


% determine acceptibilty of
% F200, Trade secret misappropriation
getf200(Case,factorsSoFar):-
member([f203,factorsSoFar]),
member(f201,factorsSoFar),
member(f124,factorsSoFar),!,
write(['the trade secret was misappropriated']),
nl, write(['find for plaintiff']).

getf200(Case,factorsSoFar):-
write(['the trade secret was not misappropriated']),
nl, write(['find for defendent']).

编辑#2：天哪，我应用了上述编辑（idk 为什么我没有使用适当的变量，变量应该以大写字母开头，真是太糟糕了facepalm）

?- go(spaceAero).
[Accepted that the defendent is not the owner of secret]
[Accepted that Efforts not made vis a vis Outsiders]
[Accepted that Efforts not made vis a vis Defendent]
[Accepted that there was a Confidentiality Agreement]
[Accepted that defendent was not on notice of Confidentiality]
[There was a Confidential Relationship]
[The information was used]
[Questionable means not were used]
[Accepted that the Information was not available elsewhere]
[Accepted that the information is not known]
true ;
[Accepted that the information was neither known or available]
[the information was Valuable]
[Accepted that the information was legitimately obtained]
[Accepted that Improper means were used]
[Efforts were not taken to maintain secrecy]
[Accepted that Information was not a trade secret]
[Information was misappropriated]

完美！一切都输出，除了我在最后一行遇到错误。寻找应该输出的原告。虽然在查看调试时，似乎所有列表元素都被正确收集了

boeing[f200, f201, f203, f102,f110,f104,f111,
f112,f114,f115,f121,f122,f123,
f4,f6,f12,f14,f21,f1,f10]

【问题讨论】：

标签： prolog

【解决方案1】：

代码中有很多混乱。

go(Case) :-
    case(Case, [H|T]),   % Singleton variable! Use _T instead
    getf124(Case, H).

但您可能想要做的是“通过”整个列表。 H 将仅在此处为 f4。

所以：

go(Case) :-
    case(Case, L), 
    getf124(Case, L).

在这里：

getf124(Case,factorsSoFar) :-
   member(f3, factorsSoFar),
   write(['the defendent is the owner of secret']),nl,
   getf123(Case, [f124|factorsSoFar]).

factorsSoFar 是一个常量（以小写字母开头）。你可能想要：

getf124(Case,F) :-
   member(f3, F),
   write(['the defendent is the owner of secret']),nl,
   getf123(Case, [f124|F]).

现在我不确定上面的最后一行应该做什么，但这里它从F 创建了一个新列表，它的第一个位置有一个新的常量项f124。

与常量“作为此处的第二个参数”相同的问题。这并不是真正的“论据”，因为它意味着_对于Case 的所有值，Case 通过关系getf124 与常量factorsSoFar 相关if ...._

getf124(Case,factorsSoFar):-
   write(['Accepted that the defendent is not the owner of secret']),
   nl, getf123(Case,factorsSoFar).

提示：使用单元测试取得更好的进展

:-begin_tests(boeing).

test(one) :- go(boeing).

:-end_tests(boeing).

rt :- run_tests(boeing).

现在您可以使用rt. 运行测试

【讨论】：

哦，我明白了，所以通过传递一个列表而不是我所做的单例版本，我可以遍历整个列表？另外我对最后一行表示歉意，我有点缩短代码，因为我当时认为它无关紧要，但基本上每个 getf12x 都与另一个 getf12x 相关，依此类推，这就是他们最终相互调用并检查是否所述元素存在于案例和列表中。