将 curl POST 与 bash 脚本函数中定义的变量一起使用

Question

当我回显时，我得到了这个，当我将它输入终端时运行

curl -i \
-H "Accept: application/json" \
-H "Content-Type:application/json" \
-X POST --data '{"account":{"email":"akdgdtk@test.com","screenName":"akdgdtk","type":"NIKE","passwordSettings":{"password":"Starwars1","passwordConfirm":"Starwars1"}},"firstName":"Test","lastName":"User","middleName":"ObiWan","locale":"en_US","registrationSiteId":"520","receiveEmail":"false","dateOfBirth":"1984-12-25","mobileNumber":"9175555555","gender":"male","fuelActivationDate":"2010-10-22","postalCode":"10022","country":"US","city":"Beverton","state":"OR","bio":"This is a test user","jpFirstNameKana":"unsure","jpLastNameKana":"ofthis","height":"80","weight":"175","distanceUnit":"MILES","weightUnit":"POUNDS","heightUnit":"FT/INCHES"}' https://xxx:xxxxx@xxxx-www.xxxxx.com/xxxxx/xxxx/xxxx

但是当在 bash 脚本文件中运行时，我得到了这个错误

curl: (6) Could not resolve host: application; nodename nor servname provided, or not known
curl: (6) Could not resolve host: is; nodename nor servname provided, or not known
curl: (6) Could not resolve host: a; nodename nor servname provided, or not known
curl: (6) Could not resolve host: test; nodename nor servname provided, or not known
curl: (3) [globbing] unmatched close brace/bracket at pos 158

这是文件中的代码

curl -i \
-H '"'Accept: application/json'"' \
-H '"'Content-Type:application/json'"' \
-X POST --data "'"'{"account":{"email":"'$email'","screenName":"'$screenName'","type":"'$theType'","passwordSettings":{"password":"'$password'","passwordConfirm":"'$password'"}},"firstName":"'$firstName'","lastName":"'$lastName'","middleName":"'$middleName'","locale":"'$locale'","registrationSiteId":"'$registrationSiteId'","receiveEmail":"'$receiveEmail'","dateOfBirth":"'$dob'","mobileNumber":"'$mobileNumber'","gender":"'$gender'","fuelActivationDate":"'$fuelActivationDate'","postalCode":"'$postalCode'","country":"'$country'","city":"'$city'","state":"'$state'","bio":"'$bio'","jpFirstNameKana":"'$jpFirstNameKana'","jpLastNameKana":"'$jpLastNameKana'","height":"'$height'","weight":"'$weight'","distanceUnit":"MILES","weightUnit":"POUNDS","heightUnit":"FT/INCHES"}'"'" "https://xxx:xxxxx@xxxx-www.xxxxx.com/xxxxx/xxxx/xxxx"

我认为我的引号有问题，但我经常使用它们，并且遇到过类似的错误。所有变量都在实际脚本中用不同的函数定义

Answer 1

您不需要将包含自定义标题的引号传递给 curl。此外，data 参数中间的变量应该被引用。

首先，编写一个生成脚本发布数据的函数。这使您免于遇到关于 shell 引用的各种麻烦，并且比您尝试在 curl 的调用行上提供 post 数据更容易阅读维护脚本：

generate_post_data()
{
  cat <<EOF
{
  "account": {
    "email": "$email",
    "screenName": "$screenName",
    "type": "$theType",
    "passwordSettings": {
      "password": "$password",
      "passwordConfirm": "$password"
    }
  },
  "firstName": "$firstName",
  "lastName": "$lastName",
  "middleName": "$middleName",
  "locale": "$locale",
  "registrationSiteId": "$registrationSiteId",
  "receiveEmail": "$receiveEmail",
  "dateOfBirth": "$dob",
  "mobileNumber": "$mobileNumber",
  "gender": "$gender",
  "fuelActivationDate": "$fuelActivationDate",
  "postalCode": "$postalCode",
  "country": "$country",
  "city": "$city",
  "state": "$state",
  "bio": "$bio",
  "jpFirstNameKana": "$jpFirstNameKana",
  "jpLastNameKana": "$jpLastNameKana",
  "height": "$height",
  "weight": "$weight",
  "distanceUnit": "MILES",
  "weightUnit": "POUNDS",
  "heightUnit": "FT/INCHES"
}
EOF
}

然后很容易在 curl 的调用中使用该函数：

curl -i \
-H "Accept: application/json" \
-H "Content-Type:application/json" \
-X POST --data "$(generate_post_data)" "https://xxx:xxxxx@xxxx-www.xxxxx.com/xxxxx/xxxx/xxxx"

说到这里，这里对shell引用规则做几点说明：

-H 参数中的双引号（如-H "foo bar"）告诉 bash 将里面的内容保留为单个参数（即使它包含空格）。

--data 参数中的单引号（如 --data 'foo bar'）的作用相同，只是它们逐字传递所有文本（包括双引号字符和美元符号）。

要在单引号文本中间插入变量，你必须结束单引号，然后与双引号变量连接，然后重新打开单引号以继续文本：'foo bar'"$variable"'more foo'。

Answer 2

• Athos 爵士提供的信息完美运行！！

以下是我必须在我的 curl 脚本中为 couchDB 使用它的方法。它真的有帮助 出了很多。谢谢！

bin/curl -X PUT "db_domain_name_:5984/_config/vhosts/$1.couchdb" -d '"/'"$1"'/"' --user "admin:*****"

Answer 3

Curl 可以从文件中发布二进制数据，因此我一直在使用进程替换并利用文件描述符，只要我需要使用 curl 发布令人讨厌的内容并且仍然想要访问当前 shell 中的变量。比如：

curl "http://localhost:8080" \
-H "Accept: application/json" \
-H "Content-Type:application/json" \
--data @<(cat <<EOF
{
  "me": "$USER",
  "something": $(date +%s)
  }
EOF
)

这最终看起来像--data @/dev/fd/<some number>，它只是像普通文件一样被处理。无论如何，如果你想看到它在本地工作，只需先运行nc -l 8080，然后在不同的 shell 中触发上述命令。你会看到类似的东西：

POST / HTTP/1.1
Host: localhost:8080
User-Agent: curl/7.43.0
Accept: application/json
Content-Type:application/json
Content-Length: 43

{  "me": "username",  "something": 1465057519  }

如您所见，您可以在 heredoc 中调用 subshel​​l 和诸如此类的东西以及引用 var。快乐的黑客希望这有助于'"'"'""""'''""''。

Answer 4

使用https://httpbin.org/ 和内联bash 脚本测试的解决方案
1. 对于其中没有空格的变量，即1:
替换时只需在$variable 前后添加' 字符串

for i in {1..3}; do \
  curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d \
    '{"number":"'$i'"}' "https://httpbin.org/post"; \
done

2. 对于带空格的输入：
用附加的" 包装变量，即"el a"：

declare -a arr=("el a" "el b" "el c"); for i in "${arr[@]}"; do \
  curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d \
    '{"elem":"'"$i"'"}' "https://httpbin.org/post"; \
done

哇好用:)

Answer 5

晚了几年，但如果您使用 eval 或反引号替换，这可能会对某人有所帮助：

postDataJson="{\"guid\":\"$guid\",\"auth_token\":\"$token\"}"

使用 sed 去除响应开头和结尾的引号

$(curl --silent -H "Content-Type: application/json" https://${target_host}/runs/get-work -d ${postDataJson} | sed -e 's/^"//' -e 's/"$//')

Answer 6

现有答案指出 curl 可以从文件中发布数据，并使用 heredocs 来避免过多的引号转义，并清楚地将 JSON 分解为新行。但是，不需要定义函数或从 cat 捕获输出，因为 curl 可以从标准输入发布数据。我觉得这个表格非常易读：

curl -X POST -H 'Content-Type:application/json' --data '$@-' ${API_URL} << EOF
{
  "account": {
    "email": "$email",
    "screenName": "$screenName",
    "type": "$theType",
    "passwordSettings": {
      "password": "$password",
      "passwordConfirm": "$password"
    }
  },
  "firstName": "$firstName",
  "lastName": "$lastName",
  "middleName": "$middleName",
  "locale": "$locale",
  "registrationSiteId": "$registrationSiteId",
  "receiveEmail": "$receiveEmail",
  "dateOfBirth": "$dob",
  "mobileNumber": "$mobileNumber",
  "gender": "$gender",
  "fuelActivationDate": "$fuelActivationDate",
  "postalCode": "$postalCode",
  "country": "$country",
  "city": "$city",
  "state": "$state",
  "bio": "$bio",
  "jpFirstNameKana": "$jpFirstNameKana",
  "jpLastNameKana": "$jpLastNameKana",
  "height": "$height",
  "weight": "$weight",
  "distanceUnit": "MILES",
  "weightUnit": "POUNDS",
  "heightUnit": "FT/INCHES"
}
EOF

Answer 7

在此处的答案指导后，这对我真正有用：

export BASH_VARIABLE="[1,2,3]"
curl http://localhost:8080/path -d "$(cat <<EOF
{
  "name": $BASH_VARIABLE,
  "something": [
    "value1",
    "value2",
    "value3"
  ]
}
EOF
)" -H 'Content-Type: application/json'

Answer 8

将数据放入 txt 文件对我有用

bash --version
GNU bash, version 4.2.46(2)-release (x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu)
curl --version
curl 7.29.0 (x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu)
 cat curl_data.txt 
 {  "type":"index-pattern", "excludeExportDetails": true  }

curl -X POST http://localhost:30560/api/saved_objects/_export -H 'kbn-xsrf: true' -H 'Content-Type: application/json' -d "$(cat curl_data.txt)" -o out.json

Answer 9

我们可以使用单引号 ' 为 curl 分配一个 变量，并将 一些其他变量 包裹在双单双引号 "'" 中以在 中进行替换>卷曲变量。然后我们可以轻松地使用 curl-variable，这里是 MERGE。

例子：

# other variables ... 
REF_NAME="new-branch";

# variable for curl using single quote => ' not double "
MERGE='{
    "repository": "tmp",
    "command": "git",
    "args": [
        "pull",
        "origin",
        "'"$REF_NAME"'"
    ],
    "options": {
        "cwd": "/home/git/tmp"
    }
}';

注意这一行：

    "'"$REF_NAME"'"

所以我们可以使用这个 bash 变量 $MERGE 并像往常一样调用 curl：

curl -s -X POST localhost:1365/M -H 'Content-Type: application/json' --data "$MERGE"