【发布时间】:2015-08-11 21:31:05
【问题描述】:
我有一个简单的 n 元(最多 3 个子节点),其中插入的第一个节点将是根。之前,我添加任何其他节点,如果满足条件,我必须搜索树并从先前插入的节点插入作为子节点。 我的插入方法在第一次插入和后续插入时都被重载了。
我能够使用这种方法插入第一个节点:
void Tree::AddSkill(char* name, char* desc, int level)
{
Skill s(name, desc, level);
Node * newNode = new Node(s);
//newNode->aSkill = Skill(name, desc, level);
newNode->parent = NULL;
for (int i = 0; i<CHILD_MAX; i++)
{
newNode->children[i] = NULL;
}
if (this->root == NULL)
{
this->root = newNode;
}
else
{
this->root->parent = newNode;
newNode->children[0] = this->root;
this->root = newNode;
}
}
我在随后插入树时遇到了一些问题, 这是我到目前为止的代码:
void Tree::AddSkill(char* name, char* desc, int level, char* parentName)
{
if (this->root == NULL)
{
cout << "Error: no nodes in tree.\n";
return;
}
Node* node = NULL;
Skill s(name, desc, level);
Node * child = new Node(s);
while (root != NULL)
{
if (strcmp(child->aSkill.GetName(), parentName) == 0)
{
for (int i = 0; i < CHILD_MAX; i++)
{
if (node->children[i] == NULL)
{
child->aSkill = s;
child->parent = node;
node->children[i] = child;
return;
}
}
}
}
}
当我通过 VS 调试器运行代码时,第二个 AddSkill 方法中的 while 循环会无休止地重复。
我不太确定自己做错了什么或需要实施什么概念,我们将不胜感激。
附:这是一个作业(不确定合适的标签是什么)。
更新:
我尝试使用队列实现重载的AddSkill()。
这是我尝试过的。
void SkillTree::AddSkill(char* name, char* desc, int level, char* parentName)
{
if (this->root == NULL)
{
cout << "Error: no nodes in tree.\n";
return;
}
queue<Node*> q;
q.push(this->root);
while (!q.empty())
{
Node * n = q.front();
q.pop();
if (strcmp(n->aSkill.GetName(), parentName) == 0)
{
for (int i = 0; i<CHILD_MAX; i++)
{
if (n->children[i] == NULL)
{
Skill s(name, desc, level);
Node * child = new Node(s);
//When I comment out the next 3 lines, program does not crash. Not sure what the problem is here.
child->aSkill = s;
child->parent = n;
n->children[i] = child;
return;
}
}
return;
}
for (int i = 0; i<CHILD_MAX; i++)
{
if (n->children[i] != NULL)
{
q.push(n->children[i]);
}
}
}
}
技能类
#include <iostream>
#include "Skill.h"
Skill::Skill()
{
name = NULL;
desc = NULL;
level = 0;
}
Skill::Skill(char* name, char* desc, int level) : level(level), name(new char[strlen(name) + 1]), desc(new char[strlen(desc) + 1])
{
strcpy_s(this->name, (strlen(name) + 1), name);
strcpy_s(this->desc, (strlen(desc) + 1), desc);
}
Skill::Skill(const Skill& aSkill)
{
this->name = new char[strlen(aSkill.name) + 1];
strcpy_s(this->name, (strlen(aSkill.name) + 1), aSkill.name);
this->level = aSkill.level;
this->desc = new char[strlen(aSkill.desc) + 1];
strcpy_s(this->desc, (strlen(aSkill.desc) + 1), aSkill.desc);
}
Skill& Skill::operator=(const Skill& aSkill)
{
if (this == &aSkill)
return *this;
else
{
delete[] name;
delete[] desc;
name = new char[strlen(aSkill.name) + 1];
strcpy_s(name, (strlen(aSkill.name) + 1), aSkill.name);
desc = new char[strlen(aSkill.desc) + 1];
strcpy_s(name, (strlen(aSkill.desc) + 1), aSkill.desc);
level = aSkill.level;
return *this;
}
}
Skill::~Skill()
{
delete[] name;
delete[] desc;
}
char* Skill::GetName() const
{
return name;
}
char* Skill::GetDesc() const
{
return desc;
}
int Skill::GetLevel() const
{
return level;
}
void Skill::Display(ostream& out)
{
out << "- " << GetName() << " -- " << GetDesc() << " [Lvl: " << GetLevel() << "]\n";
}
节点:
Skill aSkill;
Node* parent;
Node* children[CHILD_MAX];
Node() : parent(NULL)
{
for (int i = 0; i < CHILD_MAX; i++)
{
children[i] = NULL;
}
};
Node(const Skill& n) : aSkill(n), parent(NULL)
{
for (int i = 0; i < CHILD_MAX; i++)
{
children[i] = NULL;
}
};
这是main()的摘录
SkillTree student("Student");
student.Display(cout);
student.AddSkill("Alphabet","Mastery of letters and sounds",0);
student.Display(cout);
student.AddSkill("Reading","The ability to read all manner of written material",1,"Alphabet");
student.AddSkill("Writing","The ability to put your thoughts on paper",1,"Alphabet");
student.Display(cout);
student.AddSkill("Speed Reading Level 1","Read any text twice as fast as normal",5,"Reading");
student.AddSkill("Speed Reading Level 2","Read any text four times as fast as normal",10,"Speed Reading Level 1");
student.AddSkill("Memorization","Memorize average sized texts",10,"Reading");
student.AddSkill("Massive Memorization","Memorize large sized texts",20,"Memorization");
student.AddSkill("Spell Writing","The ability to write spells",5,"Writing");
student.AddSkill("History","The ability to write (and rewrite) history",10,"Writing");
student.AddSkill("Written Creation","The ability to write things into reality",20,"History");
student.Display(cout);
student.Display(cout);调用的两个函数如下
void Tree::Display(ostream& out)
{
out << "Skill Tree: " << title << "\n";
if (this->root == NULL)
{
cout << "Empty\n";
return;
}
else
Display_r(out, this->root, 1);
}
void Tree::Display_r(ostream& out, Node* n, int depth)
{
for (int i = 0; i<depth; i++)
{
out << " ";
}
n->aSkill.Display(out);
for (int i = 0; i<CHILD_MAX; i++)
{
if (n->children[i] != NULL)
{
Display_r(out, n->children[i], depth + 1);
}
}
}
如果我在AddSkill() 的队列实现中注释掉一段代码,我不会收到错误。
【问题讨论】:
-
它无限循环,因为
root is never NULL。还能有什么其他原因?如果问题是“为什么 root 永远不会变为 NULL”,那么这应该在您的原始设计中解决(希望您在编写代码之前先在纸上做到这一点)。 -
只是一个提示,当您检查验证时添加一些调试消息,以便您知道它到达的位置和没有到达的位置。
-
您永远不会在循环中更改 root,因此 while 条件始终为真。
-
您编辑的代码的问题可能与Skill类有关。你能告诉我们技能构造函数和技能复制构造函数和技能赋值运算符吗?
-
@Christophe 添加了技能 ctor、复制 ctor 和赋值运算符。
标签: c++ data-structures tree