DAO 测试 - Spring + JPA 自动装配问题答案

【问题标题】：DAO Testing - Spring + JPA Autowiring issueDAO 测试 - Spring + JPA 自动装配问题
【发布时间】：2015-02-24 02:39:35
【问题描述】：

我正在尝试在 JPA 之上使用 Spring 和 Hibernate 实现。我想至少使用 Spring 进行注释、自动装配和事务管理。我一直遇到以下问题。任何帮助将不胜感激！

我的 GenericDAO 实现：

package gov.cms.cicdim.cpc.data.dao;

import java.io.Serializable;
import java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType;
import java.util.List;

import javax.persistence.EntityManager;
import javax.persistence.PersistenceContext;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

@Repository
@Transactional
public abstract class GenericDAO<K, T extends Serializable>
    implements IGenericDAO<K, T> 
{
    protected Class<T> entityClass;

    @PersistenceContext
    protected EntityManager entityManager;

    @Autowired
    public GenericDAO()
    {
        ParameterizedType genericSuperclass = (ParameterizedType) getClass().getGenericSuperclass();
        this.entityClass = (Class<T>) genericSuperclass.getActualTypeArguments()[1];
    }

    public T findOne(K id)
    {
        if(isEmpty(id)) { return null; }

        return this.entityManager.find(entityClass, id);
    }

    public List<T> findAll()
    {
        return this.entityManager.createQuery("from " + entityClass.getName()).getResultList();
    }

    public void create(T entity)
    {  
        this.entityManager.persist(entity);
        this.entityManager.close();
    }

    public void update(T entity)
    {
        this.entityManager.merge(entity);
        this.entityManager.flush();
        this.entityManager.close();
    }

    public void delete(T entity)
    {
        this.entityManager.remove(entity);
        this.entityManager.close();
    }

    public void deleteById(K id)
    {
        T entity = findOne(id);
        delete(entity);
    }

    /**
     * Utility method to determine if objects is empty or all elements are null for optimization purposes.
     *
     * @param objects the objects
     * @return true, if is empty
     */
    protected boolean isEmpty(Object...objects) {
        if(objects.length == 0) {
            return true;
        }

        for(Object o : objects) {
            if(o != null) {
                return false;
            }
        }

        return true;
    }

}

DAO 本身：

package gov.cms.cicdim.cpc.data.dao;

import gov.cms.cicdim.cpc.data.model.Practice;

import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

/**
 * The Class PracticeDAO for CRUD operations for Practice data.
 */
@Repository
@Transactional
public class PracticeDAO extends GenericDAO<String, Practice> 
    implements IPracticeDAO
{
    public PracticeDAO(){}

    /** The Constant logger. */
    private static final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(PracticeDAO.class);

    @Override
    public Practice findPersonByFullName(String full_Name) {
        // TODO Auto-generated method stub
        return null;
    }
}

测试 DAO：并非所有测试都包含空间（在 src/test/java 中）

package gov.cms.cicdim.cpc.data.dao;

import gov.cms.cicdim.cpc.data.model.Practice;

import java.util.List;

import junit.framework.AssertionFailedError;
import junit.framework.TestCase;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration("/applicationContext.xml")
@Transactional
public class PracticeDAOTest extends TestCase
{
    @Autowired
    public PracticeDAO testPracticeDAO;

    public void setPracticeDAO(PracticeDAO testPracticeDAO) {
        this.testPracticeDAO = testPracticeDAO;
    }

    boolean doit = true;

    @Test
    public void testCreatePracticeDAO(){
        if(doit){
        Practice practice = generatePractice();
        String porg = practice.getParentOrgName();
        String pid = practice.getPracticeId();

        //create
        try {
                 testPracticeDAO.create(practice);
                 String pratice_id = testPracticeDAO.findOne(pid).getPracticeId();
                 assertEquals("Practice id check", pid, pratice_id);

            } catch (Exception e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
                throw new AssertionFailedError("Practice Save failed");
            }
        // test update
        try{
                practice.setSiteName("baltimore");
                if(testPracticeDAO.findOne(pid) !=null){
                testPracticeDAO.update(practice);
                String site_Name = testPracticeDAO.findOne(pid).getSiteName();
                assertEquals("Practice Site check", "baltimore", site_Name);
                }

            } catch(Exception e){
                e.printStackTrace();
                throw new AssertionFailedError("Practice update failed!");
            }
}

Persistence.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<persistence xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence" version="1.0">

    <persistence-unit name="ApplicationEntityManager">
        <provider>org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider</provider>
        <properties>
            <property name="driverClassName" value="oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver" />
            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.url"
                 value="xxxxxxxxx"/>
            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.user" value="xxxxxxx"/>
            <property name="javax.persistence.jdbc.password" value="xxxxxxx"/>
        </properties> 

    </persistence-unit>

</persistence>

applicationContext.xml（在 src/main/resources 中）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
       xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:jee="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee"
       xmlns:lang="http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang"
       xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
       xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee http://www.springframework.org/schema/jee/spring-jee.xsd
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang http://www.springframework.org/schema/lang/spring-lang.xsd
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
                           http://www.springframework.org/schema/util http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util.xsd">

    <context:annotation-config/>
    <tx:annotation-driven />

    <bean id="entityManagerFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean">
        <property name="persistenceXmlLocation" value="classpath:persistence.xml" />
        <property name="persistenceUnitName" value="ApplicationEntityManager" />
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
    </bean>

    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.jpa.JpaTransactionManager">
        <property name="entityManagerFactory" ref="entityManagerFactory" />
    </bean>

    <tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager" />

    <bean id="dataSource"  class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver" />
        <property name="url" value="xxxxxxx" />
        <property name="username" value="xxxxxxx" />
        <property name="password" value="xxxxxxx" />
    </bean>

    <context:component-scan base-package="gov.cms.cicdim.cpc.data.dao"/>

    <!-- Add new DAOs here -->
    <bean id="practiceDAO" class="gov.cms.cicdim.cpc.data.dao.PracticeDAO"/>
    <bean id="testPracticeDAO" class="gov.cms.cicdim.cpc.data.dao.PracticeDAO"/>

    <!-- Add new Managers here -->
</beans>

还有堆栈跟踪：

org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Error creating bean with name 'gov.cms.cicdim.cpc.data.dao.PracticeDAOTest': Injection of autowired dependencies failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: public gov.cms.cicdim.cpc.data.dao.PracticeDAO gov.cms.cicdim.cpc.data.dao.PracticeDAOTest.testPracticeDAO; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No matching bean of type [gov.cms.cicdim.cpc.data.dao.PracticeDAO] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:287)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.populateBean(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:1106)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.autowireBeanProperties(AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory.java:374)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.injectDependencies(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:110)
    at org.springframework.test.context.support.DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(DependencyInjectionTestExecutionListener.java:75)
    at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:321)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:211)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:288)
    at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:15)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:290)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:231)
    at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:49)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:193)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:52)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:191)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:42)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:184)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:71)
    at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:236)
    at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:174)
    at org.apache.maven.surefire.junit4.JUnit4Provider.execute(JUnit4Provider.java:252)
    at org.apache.maven.surefire.junit4.JUnit4Provider.executeTestSet(JUnit4Provider.java:141)
    at org.apache.maven.surefire.junit4.JUnit4Provider.invoke(JUnit4Provider.java:112)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
    at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:39)
    at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:25)
    at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:597)
    at org.apache.maven.surefire.util.ReflectionUtils.invokeMethodWithArray(ReflectionUtils.java:189)
    at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.ProviderFactory$ProviderProxy.invoke(ProviderFactory.java:165)
    at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.ProviderFactory.invokeProvider(ProviderFactory.java:85)
    at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.ForkedBooter.runSuitesInProcess(ForkedBooter.java:115)
    at org.apache.maven.surefire.booter.ForkedBooter.main(ForkedBooter.java:75)
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: public gov.cms.cicdim.cpc.data.dao.PracticeDAO gov.cms.cicdim.cpc.data.dao.PracticeDAOTest.testPracticeDAO; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No matching bean of type [gov.cms.cicdim.cpc.data.dao.PracticeDAO] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:506)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.InjectionMetadata.inject(InjectionMetadata.java:87)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.postProcessPropertyValues(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:284)
    ... 32 more
Caused by: org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No matching bean of type [gov.cms.cicdim.cpc.data.dao.PracticeDAO] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.raiseNoSuchBeanDefinitionException(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:924)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.doResolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:793)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.resolveDependency(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:707)
    at org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor$AutowiredFieldElement.inject(AutowiredAnnotationBeanPostProcessor.java:478)
    ... 34 more


Results :

Tests in error: 
  testCreatePracticeDAO(gov.cms.cicdim.cpc.data.dao.PracticeDAOTest): Error creating bean with name 'gov.cms.cicdim.cpc.data.dao.PracticeDAOTest': Injection of autowired dependencies failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: public gov.cms.cicdim.cpc.data.dao.PracticeDAO gov.cms.cicdim.cpc.data.dao.PracticeDAOTest.testPracticeDAO; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No matching bean of type [gov.cms.cicdim.cpc.data.dao.PracticeDAO] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}
  testFindAllPractices(gov.cms.cicdim.cpc.data.dao.PracticeDAOTest): Error creating bean with name 'gov.cms.cicdim.cpc.data.dao.PracticeDAOTest': Injection of autowired dependencies failed; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.BeanCreationException: Could not autowire field: public gov.cms.cicdim.cpc.data.dao.PracticeDAO gov.cms.cicdim.cpc.data.dao.PracticeDAOTest.testPracticeDAO; nested exception is org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No matching bean of type [gov.cms.cicdim.cpc.data.dao.PracticeDAO] found for dependency: expected at least 1 bean which qualifies as autowire candidate for this dependency. Dependency annotations: {@org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired(required=true)}

【问题讨论】：

名字是applicationContext.xml还是application-context.xml？我希望这不是问题。
顺便说一句，您使用的是 cglib 代理还是 JDK 动态代理？
它是 applicationContext.xml，对不起，我更正了帖子中的标题。我没有使用任何类型的代理。到目前为止，在我找到的示例中，我还没有看到任何用法或提及它。这会给我带来 bean 的问题或影响以后的交易吗？
尝试在 IPracticeDAO 上自动装配。我相信这会奏效。
删除这些行。您正在使用注释并已指定要扫描的包，因此您无需在 xml 中定义 bean。虽然可能不是您当前问题的原因在某些时候会导致问题：

标签： java spring hibernate jpa

【解决方案1】：

春天declarative transactions are implemented using proxies。默认情况下，如果代理类实现了一个接口，它使用 JDK 动态代理，这就是这里使用的，因为PracticeDAO 实现了IPracticeDAO。

spring创建的代理实现了同样的接口IPracticeDAO，并且注册了那个代理的一个bean。而且由于您在 PracticeDAO 上自动装配，代理 bean 无法自动装配，因为同级类的实例不兼容。这就是为什么你应该几乎总是在接口类型上使用@Autowired 注解，而不是实现类类型。

在您的情况下，请尝试在 IPracticeDAO 而不是 PracticeDAO 上自动装配，它会正常工作。

【讨论】：

谢谢！这似乎奏效了。虽然现在，测试实体似乎没有被持久化到数据库中，所以我的 Spring Transactions 配置错误？
为什么你的上下文文件中有 2 个<tx:annotation-driven> 标签。删除第一个。
我在这里的另一个例子中看到了这一点。坦率地说，它也让我感到困惑......删除了它，但仍然没有看到实体被持久化。
想通了！我也将 testDAO 标记为 @Transactional 并且这部分文档说这是一个禁忌：“重要的是要记住，如果事务 bean 正在实现一个接口，默认情况下代理将是一个 Java动态代理。这意味着只有通过代理传入的外部方法调用才会被拦截——任何自调用调用都不会启动任何事务——即使该方法带有 @Transactional 注释。”删除它，它现在工作正常！再次感谢！