计算两个日期之间的工作时间 - 包括周末

Question

我的任务是计算从首次输入订单到发货所需的工作小时数。为此，由于权限问题，我无法创建任何类型的函数。

营业时间为周一至周五 08:00 - 17:30。周六和周日 - 08:00 - 16:00。它需要合计在这些核心小时内花费的时间。

如果订单是在当天开始（上午 8 点）之前下达的，则需要将订单视为上午 8 点的输入。如果订单是在一天结束之后（5.30pm M-F，4pm S/SS），则视为订单是在一天结束时输入的。 交货也是如此。

我对此进行了搜索，并在 SO 上找到了以前的答案，但发现所有以前接受的答案都使用函数来执行此操作。

在我的这个开发中，我已经在不使用函数的情况下实现了这一点。我在下面分享我的答案以供将来搜索/参考。

欢迎任何关于如何改进的反馈。

以下是一些示例订单和交货日期。

IF OBJECT_ID('tempdb..#Orders') IS NOT NULL DROP TABLE #Orders;  -- Example data to prove the theory.
    CREATE TABLE #Orders (OrderDate DateTime, DeliveryDate DATETIME)
    INSERT INTO #Orders  (#Orders.OrderDate, #Orders.DeliveryDate) 
    VALUES
       (cast('2020-01-18 13:55:15.000' as datetime), cast('2020-01-19 13:35:56.110' as datetime)), 
       (cast('2020-01-18 23:47:57.000' as datetime), cast('2020-01-19 13:36:40.537' as datetime)), 
       (cast('2020-01-18 07:20:12.000' as datetime), cast('2020-01-19 13:37:41.977' as datetime)), 
       (cast('2020-01-18 08:51:46.813' as datetime), cast('2020-01-19 13:38:35.193' as datetime)), 
       (cast('2020-01-18 12:37:13.000' as datetime), cast('2020-01-19 14:24:35.927' as datetime)), 
       (cast('2020-01-18 12:59:54.000' as datetime), cast('2020-01-19 14:53:23.663' as datetime)), 
       (cast('2020-01-19 13:44:31.000' as datetime), cast('2020-01-19 14:56:47.157' as datetime)), 
       (cast('2020-01-19 13:38:19.000' as datetime), cast('2020-01-19 14:58:09.543' as datetime)), 
       (cast('2020-01-19 08:55:31.050' as datetime), cast('2020-01-20 08:17:25.073' as datetime)), 
       (cast('2020-01-18 21:16:23.000' as datetime), cast('2020-01-20 08:17:52.330' as datetime)), 
       (cast('2020-01-19 08:59:26.650' as datetime), cast('2020-01-20 08:18:05.163' as datetime)), 
       (cast('2020-01-19 08:49:24.193' as datetime), cast('2020-01-20 08:18:49.077' as datetime)), 
       (cast('2020-01-18 15:33:48.000' as datetime), cast('2020-01-20 08:26:24.387' as datetime)), 
       (cast('2020-01-18 18:45:52.000' as datetime), cast('2020-01-20 08:26:29.657' as datetime)), 
       (cast('2020-01-18 20:56:33.000' as datetime), cast('2020-01-20 08:27:25.517' as datetime)), 
       (cast('2020-01-18 08:55:53.100' as datetime), cast('2020-01-20 08:28:25.210' as datetime)), 
       (cast('2020-01-06 00:19:08.000' as datetime), cast('2020-01-20 08:28:27.197' as datetime)), 
       (cast('2020-01-18 17:38:50.000' as datetime), cast('2020-01-20 08:42:16.777' as datetime)), 
       (cast('2020-01-19 14:24:30.000' as datetime), cast('2020-01-20 08:42:37.537' as datetime)), 
       (cast('2020-01-19 12:00:01.000' as datetime), cast('2020-01-20 08:42:53.173' as datetime)), 
       (cast('2020-01-19 13:21:15.000' as datetime), cast('2020-01-20 08:43:18.517' as datetime)), 
       (cast('2020-01-19 04:11:15.000' as datetime), cast('2020-01-20 09:28:34.997' as datetime)), 
       (cast('2020-01-19 09:28:05.000' as datetime), cast('2020-01-20 09:28:51.447' as datetime)), 
       (cast('2020-01-16 22:09:49.000' as datetime), cast('2020-01-20 09:29:23.630' as datetime)), 
       (cast('2020-01-19 13:43:05.000' as datetime), cast('2020-01-20 09:29:41.997' as datetime))

Answer 1

我已尽我所能对 SQL 进行了注释，以便用简单的英语解释我的方法。 还有一些虚拟数据可以实现这一点。

下面是我的方法的粗略解释：

使用 CTE - 为该查询可能引用的每一天创建一行数据。这可以在未来轻松扩展。

然后查看从 CTE 返回的每一行，并根据星期几设置当天的工作小时数。还要设置当天的结束日期时间，再次取决于星期几。将其存储在 DayRows 表中。

加入日期介于订单日期和交货日期之间的 DayRows 表，并总结这些日期可能的总工作时间。

计算一天开始时间和下单时间之间的分钟差。计算交货日期和一天结束之间的分钟差。

从总工作时间中减去这些差异。然后，这给出了两个日期之间的总工作分钟数。除以 60 以返回小时数。

---- calculates the number of working hours between order date and delivery date. Working day starts 08:00 each day. Weekdays ends at 17:30. Weekends ends at 16:00

; WITH TempDays AS 
    (SELECT CAST('2015-01-01 08:00:00' AS DATETIME) AS DateValue
    UNION ALL 
    SELECT DATEADD(DAY,1,DateValue) AS DateValue
    FROM TempDays
    WHERE 
       TempDays.DateValue <= '2035-12-31'
    ) -- Recursive CTE to give one row per day between 2015 and 2035


, DayRows as
    ( 
       SELECT
          TempDays.DateValue AS StartDay
          , CASE    
             WHEN datename(WEEKDAY,TempDays.DateValue) IN ('Saturday', 'Sunday')
             THEN DATEADD(HOUR,8,TempDays.DateValue) -- Saturday & sunday
             ELSE DATEADD(MINUTE,30,DATEADD(HOUR,9,TempDays.DateValue)) -- Weekday
             END AS EndDay
          , CASE When datename(WEEKDAY,TempDays.DateValue) IN ('Saturday', 'Sunday')
             Then 480 -- Saturday & Sunday 8 hours
             ELSE 570 -- Weekday  9.5 hours
             END AS WorkMinutes
       FROM 
          TempDays 
    ) -- This calcualtes the Start and End datetime for each day returned. If Weekend, end time is 16:00. Weekday is 17:30. All days start at 8:00



SELECT
    #Orders.Orderdate
    , #Orders.DeliveryDate
    , WorkingHours.WorkMins
    , StartHours.MinutesDayStart
    , EndHours.MinutesDayEnd
    , CAST( ((WorkingHours.WorkMins - ISNULL(StartHours.MinutesDayStart,0) - ISNULL(EndHours.MinutesDayEnd,0))  / 60.00) AS DECIMAL(32,2)) AS Working_Hours_To_Ship -- Takes total working minutes for all the days inbetween order and delivery, then removes the number of mins between start of day and order and the delivery and end of the day.

FROM 
    #Orders
    OUTER APPLY
       (
          SELECT
             SUM(DayRows.WorkMinutes)  AS WorkMins 
          FROM 
             DayRows
          WHERE 
            CAST(DayRows.StartDay AS DATE) >= CAST(#Orders.Orderdate AS DATE) AND CAST(DayRows.EndDay AS DATE) <= CAST(#Orders.DeliveryDate AS DATE) 
       ) AS WorkingHours -- Calculates the sum total of working hours for all days between the order date and delivery date, including the order and del date.


    OUTER APPLY
       (SELECT
          DATEDIFF(MINUTE,DayRows.StartDay,
                CASE 
                    WHEN CAST(#Orders.Orderdate AS TIME) < cast(DayRows.StartDay AS TIME)
                    THEN DayRows.StartDay
                    ELSE 
                       CASE 
                          WHEN CAST(#Orders.Orderdate AS TIME) > cast(DayRows.EndDay AS TIME)
                          THEN DayRows.EndDay
                          Else #Orders.Orderdate
                          End
                    End
                ) AS MinutesDayStart
       FROM 
          DayRows
       WHERE 
         CAST(DayRows.StartDay AS DATE) = CAST(#Orders.Orderdate AS DATE) 
       ) AS StartHours -- Calcualtes the number of minutes between the start of the day and the order date. This is then to be deducted off the total working hours.

    OUTER APPLY
       (SELECT
          DATEDIFF(MINUTE,
             CASE 
                WHEN CAST(#Orders.DeliveryDate AS TIME) < cast(DayRows.StartDay AS TIME) -- If the delivery was made before the start of the day, then uses start of day as delivery time.
                THEN DayRows.StartDay
                ELSE 
                    CASE 
                       WHEN CAST(#Orders.DeliveryDate AS TIME) > cast(DayRows.EndDay AS TIME)  -- If the delivery was made after the end of the day, then uses the end of the day as the delivery time
                       THEN DayRows.EndDay
                       Else #Orders.DeliveryDate
                    End
             END,      
             DayRows.EndDay
          )  AS MinutesDayEnd 
       FROM 
          DayRows
       WHERE 
         CAST(DayRows.StartDay AS DATE) = CAST(#Orders.DeliveryDate AS DATE) 
       ) AS EndHours -- Calculates the number of minutes between the delivery date and the end of the day.


WHERE 
    #Orders.Orderdate >= '2020-01-01'

option (maxrecursion 0)