如何在 Windows 上正确设置 PyQGIS 环境？

Question

我遇到了一个特定错误的问题，这在我所见的情况下很常见，但似乎找不到解决方案。

当我尝试导入 qgis 模块时出现以下错误：

ImportError: No module named 'qgis'

到目前为止，这是我正在使用的guide，这是 .cmd 的设置，我假设它与此有关：

@echo off
SET OSGEO4W_ROOT=D:\OSGeo4W64
call "%OSGEO4W_ROOT%"\bin\o4w_env.bat
call "%OSGEO4W_ROOT%"\apps\grass\grass-6.4.3\etc\env.bat
@echo off
path %PATH%;%OSGEO4W_ROOT%\apps\qgis\bin
path %PATH%;%OSGEO4W_ROOT%\apps\grass\grass-6.4.3\lib

set PYTHONPATH=%PYTHONPATH%;%OSGEO4W_ROOT%\apps\qgis\python;
set PYTHONPATH=%PYTHONPATH%;%OSGEO4W_ROOT%\apps\Python27\Lib\site-packages
set QGIS_PREFIX_PATH=%OSGEO4W_ROOT%\apps\qgis
set PATH=C:\Program Files (x86)\JetBrains\PyCharm Community Edition 4.0.6\bin\pycharm.exe;%PATH%
cd %HOMEPATH%\TER\development
start "PyCharm aware of Quantum GIS" /B "C:\Program Files (x86)\JetBrains\PyCharm Community Edition 4.0.6\bin\pycharm.exe" %*

编辑：应用 luca76 的建议后

C:\Python34\python.exe D:/TER/development/test.py
Fatal Python error: Py_Initialize: unable to load the file system codec
  File "D:\OSGEO4~1\apps\Python27\lib\encodings\__init__.py", line 123
    raise CodecRegistryError,\
                            ^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax

进程以退出代码 3 结束

我假设它必须使用调用 Python 3.4 而不是 Python 2.7。

编辑：第三轮

这次我的尝试包括对卢卡斯提案的略微修改版本。

我所做的是删除 HOMEPATH 但是这次当我尝试导入 qgis 模块时，我得到了一个回溯：

Python 2.7.5 (default, May 15 2013, 22:44:16) [MSC v.1500 64 bit (AMD64)] on win
32
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> import qgis.core
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
  File "D:\OSGeo4W64\apps\qgis\python\qgis\__init__.py", line 36, in <module>
    from qgis.core import QgsFeature, QgsGeometry
  File "D:\OSGeo4W64\apps\qgis\python\qgis\core\__init__.py", line 3, in <module
>
    from qgis._core import *
ImportError: DLL load failed: The specified module could not be found.
>>>

Answer 1

尝试在执行 o4w_env.bat 之前放置环境变量：（请记住修复所有目录路径！）

@echo off
SET OSGEO4W_ROOT=D:\OSGeo4W64
set PYTHONPATH=%OSGEO4W_ROOT%\apps\qgis\python;%PYTHONPATH%
set PYTHONPATH=%OSGEO4W_ROOT%\apps\Python27\Lib\site-packages;%PYTHONPATH%
set QGIS_PREFIX_PATH=%OSGEO4W_ROOT%\apps\qgis
set PATH=C:\Program Files (x86)\JetBrains\PyCharm Community Edition 4.0.6\bin\pycharm.exe;%PATH%
path %OSGEO4W_ROOT%\apps\qgis\bin;%PATH%
path %OSGEO4W_ROOT%\apps\grass\grass-6.4.3\lib;%PATH%

call "%OSGEO4W_ROOT%"\bin\o4w_env.bat
call "%OSGEO4W_ROOT%"\apps\grass\grass-6.4.3\etc\env.bat

cd %HOMEPATH%\TER\development
start "PyCharm aware of Quantum GIS" /B "C:\Program Files (x86)\JetBrains\PyCharm Community Edition 4.0.6\bin\pycharm.exe" %*