在pygame中按下编码按钮时更改屏幕上的文本和按钮文本

Question

请有人告诉我如何更改代码，以使屏幕文本和编码按钮文本保持到下一次单击鼠标按钮并且在释放鼠标按钮后不会消失？ 现在，当我单击并按住鼠标按钮时，屏幕文本正在更改，但编码按钮没有更新。而且在我释放鼠标按钮后，文本又回到了初始状态。 我需要文本（在屏幕上和按钮上）进行更改并永远在屏幕上保持更新，或者直到再次单击鼠标按钮。 我制作了一个用于在屏幕上显示文本的函数和一个用于在屏幕上绘制按钮的类。他们都工作。也许问题出在“if”语句的主要逻辑中？

pygame.init()

# setting the window size and FPS
SIZE = WIDTH, HEIGHT = (640, 640)
FPS = 30
screen = pygame.display.set_mode(SIZE)
clock = pygame.time.Clock()

bgcolor = (54, 54, 54)

# defining the function to draw text on the screen
def draw_text(surface, text, pos):
    text_color = (255, 255, 255)
    text_font = pygame.font.SysFont('Times New Roman', 24)
    x, y = pos

    word_surface = text_font.render(text, 1, text_color)
    surface.blit(word_surface, (x, y))


# defining a class for buttons
class DrawButton():
    def __init__(self, button_text, button_x, button_y):
        self.button_text = button_text
        self.button_x = button_x
        self.button_y = button_y
        self.button_color_passive = (89, 89, 89)
        self.button_color_active = (212, 200, 235)
        self.button_width = 400
        self.button_height = 100
        self.cur = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
        self.click = pygame.mouse.get_pressed()

    def text_to_button(self): # defining the method for drawing a text on buttons
        bf_passive = pygame.font.SysFont('Times New Roman', 24)
        bf_passive_rend = bf_passive.render(self.button_text, 1, self.button_color_active)
        bf_passive_rect = bf_passive_rend.get_rect()

        bf_active = pygame.font.SysFont('Times New Roman', 28)
        bf_active_rend = bf_active.render(self.button_text, 1, self.button_color_passive)
        bf_active_rect = bf_active_rend.get_rect()

        if self.button_x + self.button_width > self.cur[0] > self.button_x \
                and self.button_y + self.button_height > self.cur[1] > self.button_y:
            bf_active_rect.center = (int(self.button_x + (self.button_width / 2)), int(self.button_y + (self.button_height / 2)))
            screen.blit(bf_active_rend, bf_active_rect)
        else:
            bf_passive_rect.center = (int(self.button_x + (self.button_width / 2)), int(self.button_y + (self.button_height / 2)))
            screen.blit(bf_passive_rend, bf_passive_rect)


    def draw_button(self): # defining the method for drawing button rectangle
        if self.button_x + self.button_width > self.cur[0] > self.button_x \
                and self.button_y + self.button_height > self.cur[1] > self.button_y:
           pygame.draw.rect(screen, self.button_color_passive, (self.button_x + 5, self.button_y + 5, self.button_width, self.button_height))
           pygame.draw.rect(screen, self.button_color_active, (self.button_x, self.button_y, self.button_width, self.button_height))
           if self.click[0] == 1:
               pygame.draw.rect(screen, self.button_color_passive, (self.button_x, self.button_y, self.button_width, self.button_height))
        else:
           pygame.draw.rect(screen, self.button_color_passive, (self.button_x, self.button_y, self.button_width, self.button_height))


text1 = "Text 1"

text2 = "Text 2"

while True:

    dt = clock.tick(FPS)

    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            quit()

    screen.fill(bgcolor)

    text = text1

    if text == text1:
        button1 = DrawButton('Next', WIDTH - 435, HEIGHT - 150)
        button1.draw_button()
        button1.text_to_button()

    if text == text1 and button1.click[0] == 1:
        text = text2
        button2 = DrawButton('Next again', WIDTH - 435, HEIGHT - 150)
        button2.draw_button()
        button2.text_to_button()

    draw_text(screen, text, (40, 20))


    pygame.display.update()```

Answer 1

你应该在循环之前使用text = text1，而不是在里面。然后它会保留新的文本。

但更大的问题是

button1.click[0] == 1

这是True，当您一直按住按钮时，因此将文本从第一个更改为第二个，然后从第二个更改为第一个会出现问题，因为当您按住按钮时，它会一次又一次地更改文本 - 最后当您释放鼠标按钮时，您可以获得相同的文本（或者您可以看到文本一直在变化）。

您应该使用仅创建一次的事件MOUSEBUTTONDOWN - 当您开始按下时 - 但在您按住时不会创建。

text1 = "Text 1"
text2 = "Text 2"

text = text1

while True:

    dt = clock.tick(FPS)

    # --- events (without draws) ---
    
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            pygame.quit()
            exit()
        if event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
            if text == text1:
                text = text2
            else:
                text = text1
                
    # --- changes (without draws) ---

    if text == text1:
        button = DrawButton('Next', WIDTH-435, HEIGHT-150)
    else:
        button = DrawButton('Next again', WIDTH-435, HEIGHT-150)

    # --- draws (without changes) ---

    screen.fill(bgcolor)

    button.draw_button()
    button.text_to_button()
        
    draw_text(screen, text, (40, 20))

    pygame.display.update()

---

完整的工作代码：

import pygame

# --- constants ---

# setting the window size and FPS
SIZE = WIDTH, HEIGHT = (640, 640)
FPS = 30

# --- classes ---

# defining a class for buttons
class DrawButton():
    
    def __init__(self, button_text, button_x, button_y):
        self.button_text = button_text
        self.button_x = button_x
        self.button_y = button_y
        self.button_color_passive = (89, 89, 89)
        self.button_color_active = (212, 200, 235)
        self.button_width = 400
        self.button_height = 100
        self.cur = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
        self.click = pygame.mouse.get_pressed()

    def text_to_button(self): # defining the method for drawing a text on buttons
        bf_passive = pygame.font.SysFont('Times New Roman', 24)
        bf_passive_rend = bf_passive.render(self.button_text, 1, self.button_color_active)
        bf_passive_rect = bf_passive_rend.get_rect()

        bf_active = pygame.font.SysFont('Times New Roman', 28)
        bf_active_rend = bf_active.render(self.button_text, 1, self.button_color_passive)
        bf_active_rect = bf_active_rend.get_rect()

        if self.button_x + self.button_width > self.cur[0] > self.button_x \
                and self.button_y + self.button_height > self.cur[1] > self.button_y:
            bf_active_rect.center = (int(self.button_x + (self.button_width / 2)), int(self.button_y + (self.button_height / 2)))
            screen.blit(bf_active_rend, bf_active_rect)
        else:
            bf_passive_rect.center = (int(self.button_x + (self.button_width / 2)), int(self.button_y + (self.button_height / 2)))
            screen.blit(bf_passive_rend, bf_passive_rect)


    def draw_button(self): # defining the method for drawing button rectangle
        if self.button_x + self.button_width > self.cur[0] > self.button_x \
                and self.button_y + self.button_height > self.cur[1] > self.button_y:
           pygame.draw.rect(screen, self.button_color_passive, (self.button_x + 5, self.button_y + 5, self.button_width, self.button_height))
           pygame.draw.rect(screen, self.button_color_active, (self.button_x, self.button_y, self.button_width, self.button_height))
           if self.click[0] == 1:
               pygame.draw.rect(screen, self.button_color_passive, (self.button_x, self.button_y, self.button_width, self.button_height))
        else:
           pygame.draw.rect(screen, self.button_color_passive, (self.button_x, self.button_y, self.button_width, self.button_height))

# --- functions ---

# defining the function to draw text on the screen
def draw_text(surface, text, pos):
    text_color = (255, 255, 255)
    text_font = pygame.font.SysFont('Times New Roman', 24)
    x, y = pos

    word_surface = text_font.render(text, 1, text_color)
    surface.blit(word_surface, (x, y))

# --- main ---

pygame.init()

screen = pygame.display.set_mode(SIZE)
clock = pygame.time.Clock()

bgcolor = (54, 54, 54)

text1 = "Text 1"
text2 = "Text 2"

text = text1

while True:

    dt = clock.tick(FPS)

    # --- events (without draws) ---
    
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            pygame.quit()
            exit()
        if event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
            if text == text1:
                text = text2
            else:
                text = text1
                
    # --- changes (without draws) ---

    if text == text1:
        button = DrawButton('Next', WIDTH-435, HEIGHT-150)
    else:
        button = DrawButton('Next again', WIDTH-435, HEIGHT-150)

    # --- draws (without changes) ---

    screen.fill(bgcolor)

    button.draw_button()
    button.text_to_button()
        
    draw_text(screen, text, (40, 20))

    pygame.display.update()

---

顺便说一句：

您可以进行许多其他更改 - 即。使用pygame.Rect 保持按钮大小和位置，稍后检查rect.collidepoint(mouse.pos) 以检测鼠标是否在按钮上。并使用它来显示它blit(screen, image, rect) 或在矩形上居中文本 - text_rect = text_image.get_rect(center=button_rect.center) 等。

我的所有改动

import pygame

# --- constants ---

# setting the window size and FPS
SIZE = WIDTH, HEIGHT = (640, 640)
FPS = 30

# --- classes ---

# defining a class for buttons

class DrawButton():
    
    def __init__(self, text, x, y, function=None):
        '''Init all needed variables only once'''

        self.rect = pygame.Rect(x, y, 400, 100)
        self.text = text
        self.function = function
        
        self.shadow_rect = self.rect.copy()
        self.shadow_rect.x += 5
        self.shadow_rect.y += 5

        self.color_passive = (89, 89, 89)
        self.color_active = (212, 200, 235)
        self.color_click = (0, 200, 0)

        self.hovered = False
        self.clicked = False

        self.font_passive = pygame.font.SysFont('Times New Roman', 24)
        self.font_active = pygame.font.SysFont('Times New Roman', 28)
        
        self.render_text()
        
    def render_text(self):
        '''Render text but don't display it'''
        
        self.passive_text = self.font_passive.render(self.text, 1, self.color_active)
        self.passive_rect = self.passive_text.get_rect(center=self.rect.center)

        self.active_text = self.font_active.render(self.text, 1, self.color_passive)
        self.active_rect = self.active_text.get_rect(center=self.rect.center)

    def handle_event(self, event):
        '''Check all events and change variables - without drawing and rendering'''
        
        if event.type == pygame.MOUSEMOTION:
            self.hovered = self.rect.collidepoint(event.pos)
            
        if event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:
            if self.hovered:
                self.clicked = True
                #if self.function:
                #    self.function()
                    
        if event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONUP:
            if self.hovered:
                self.clicked = False
                # run function when button is released
                if self.function:
                    self.function()
        
    def draw(self, screen):
        '''Draw rectangle and text but don't render text'''
        
        if self.hovered:
            # shadow
            pygame.draw.rect(screen, self.color_passive, self.shadow_rect)
            # rect
            if self.clicked:
                pygame.draw.rect(screen, self.color_click, self.rect)
            else:
                pygame.draw.rect(screen, self.color_active, self.rect)
            # text
            screen.blit(self.active_text, self.active_rect)
        else:
            # rect
            pygame.draw.rect(screen, self.color_passive, self.rect)
            # text
            screen.blit(self.passive_text, self.passive_rect)

# --- functions ---

# defining the function to draw text on the screen
def draw_text(surface, text, pos):
    color = (255, 255, 255)
    
    font = pygame.font.SysFont('Times New Roman', 24)
    image = font.render(text, 1, color)
    
    surface.blit(image, pos)

def on_click_1():
    global text
    
    if text == text1:
        text = text2
        button1.text = 'Next again'
        button1.render_text()
    else:
        text = text1
        button1.text = 'Next'
        button1.render_text()

def on_click_2():
    global text
    
    if text == "Hello":
        text = "World"
    else:
        text = "Hello"

# --- main ---

pygame.init()

screen = pygame.display.set_mode(SIZE)
clock = pygame.time.Clock()

bgcolor = (54, 54, 54)

text1 = "Text 1"
text2 = "Text 2"

text = text1

# create button only once and assign function which it has to execute when it is pressed
button1 = DrawButton('Next', WIDTH-435, HEIGHT-150, on_click_1)
button2 = DrawButton('Press', WIDTH-435, HEIGHT-350, on_click_2)

while True:

    dt = clock.tick(FPS)

    # --- events ---
    
    for event in pygame.event.get():
        if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
            pygame.quit()
            exit()
        button1.handle_event(event)
        button2.handle_event(event)
        
    # --- changes (without draws) ---

    # empty
    
    # --- draws (without changes) ---
    
    screen.fill(bgcolor)
    
    button1.draw(screen)
    button2.draw(screen)
    
    draw_text(screen, text, (40, 20))

    pygame.display.update()