在您发布的代码中，设置所选弹出菜单项（handles.Item_list_value = get(hObject,'Value');）的索引的说明写在弹出菜单CreateFcn中，除非您没有发布正确的代码，这意味着您可以在弹出菜单的创建过程中，只获取一次所选项目的索引。
要插入/更新uitable 的内容，您应该在popupmenu callback 中编写以下过程：
- 使用
get函数获取选中的弹出菜单项的索引
- 通过
get函数获取表数据（数据以(n x m)数组形式返回）
- 将使用 popupmenu 选择的输入矩阵列插入到适当的表格列中：输入矩阵在
popupmenu callback 中应该是“可见的”。在您的问题中没有指定如何管理输入矩阵，一种可能性是使用guidata 函数将其存储（例如从输入文件中读取之后）到 GUI 数据中
- 更新表数据（使用
set函数）
我构建了一个小型 GUI (updating_table_via_popup) 来测试这种方法：
- 弹出菜单标签：popupmenu1
- 表标签：uitable1
- 输入矩阵在 GUI OpeningFcn 中定义为一组随机数
- 要在弹出菜单中显示的字符串内置于OpeningFcn
- 输入矩阵存储在GUI数据的handles结构中
这是 GUI 的代码，参考。到updating_table_via_popup_OpeningFcn 和popupmenu1_Callback 函数，以实现建议的解决方案。
function varargout = updating_table_via_popup(varargin)
% UPDATING_TABLE_VIA_POPUP MATLAB code for updating_table_via_popup.fig
% UPDATING_TABLE_VIA_POPUP, by itself, creates a new UPDATING_TABLE_VIA_POPUP or raises the existing
% singleton*.
%
% H = UPDATING_TABLE_VIA_POPUP returns the handle to a new UPDATING_TABLE_VIA_POPUP or the handle to
% the existing singleton*.
%
% UPDATING_TABLE_VIA_POPUP('CALLBACK',hObject,eventData,handles,...) calls the local
% function named CALLBACK in UPDATING_TABLE_VIA_POPUP.M with the given input arguments.
%
% UPDATING_TABLE_VIA_POPUP('Property','Value',...) creates a new UPDATING_TABLE_VIA_POPUP or raises the
% existing singleton*. Starting from the left, property value pairs are
% applied to the GUI before updating_table_via_popup_OpeningFcn gets called. An
% unrecognized property name or invalid value makes property application
% stop. All inputs are passed to updating_table_via_popup_OpeningFcn via varargin.
%
% *See GUI Options on GUIDE's Tools menu. Choose "GUI allows only one
% instance to run (singleton)".
%
% See also: GUIDE, GUIDATA, GUIHANDLES
% Edit the above text to modify the response to help updating_table_via_popup
% Last Modified by GUIDE v2.5 01-Jan-2016 19:55:39
% Begin initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
gui_Singleton = 1;
gui_State = struct('gui_Name', mfilename, ...
'gui_Singleton', gui_Singleton, ...
'gui_OpeningFcn', @updating_table_via_popup_OpeningFcn, ...
'gui_OutputFcn', @updating_table_via_popup_OutputFcn, ...
'gui_LayoutFcn', [] , ...
'gui_Callback', []);
if nargin && ischar(varargin{1})
gui_State.gui_Callback = str2func(varargin{1});
end
if nargout
[varargout{1:nargout}] = gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
else
gui_mainfcn(gui_State, varargin{:});
end
% End initialization code - DO NOT EDIT
% --- Executes just before updating_table_via_popup is made visible.
function updating_table_via_popup_OpeningFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles, varargin)
% This function has no output args, see OutputFcn.
% hObject handle to figure
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% varargin command line arguments to updating_table_via_popup (see VARARGIN)
% Choose default command line output for updating_table_via_popup
handles.output = hObject;
% Update handles structure
guidata(hObject, handles);
% Define the input matrix
n_row=3;
n_col=5;
data_base=reshape([1:n_row*n_col]',n_col,n_row)';
% Get the GUI data
my_gui_data=guidata(gcf);
% Store the input matrix into the GUI data
my_gui_data.data_base=data_base;
% Update GUI data
guidata(gcf,my_gui_data);
% Initialize table to "0"
set(handles.uitable1,'data',zeros(n_row,n_col))
% Build the popupmenu strings
str{1}='- Select col. to insert -'
for i=2:n_col+1
str{i}=['Insert Col. #' num2str(i-1)]
end
% Assign the strings to the popupmenu
set(handles.popupmenu1,'string',str)
% UIWAIT makes updating_table_via_popup wait for user response (see UIRESUME)
% uiwait(handles.figure1);
% --- Outputs from this function are returned to the command line.
function varargout = updating_table_via_popup_OutputFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% varargout cell array for returning output args (see VARARGOUT);
% hObject handle to figure
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Get default command line output from handles structure
varargout{1} = handles.output;
% --- Executes on selection change in popupmenu1.
function popupmenu1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to popupmenu1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% Hints: contents = cellstr(get(hObject,'String')) returns popupmenu1 contents as cell array
% contents{get(hObject,'Value')} returns selected item from popupmenu1
% Get the GUI data
my_gui_data=guidata(gcf);
% Get the index of the selected popupmenu item (-1 to account for the first
% string)
sel_idx=get(handles.popupmenu1,'value')-1;
% Get the table data
table_data=get(handles.uitable1,'data');
% Insert the input matrix column selected with popupmenu into the proper
% table column
table_data(:,sel_idx)=my_gui_data.data_base(:,sel_idx)
% Updata the table data
set(handles.uitable1,'data',table_data);
% --- Executes during object creation, after setting all properties.
function popupmenu1_CreateFcn(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to popupmenu1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles empty - handles not created until after all CreateFcns called
% Hint: popupmenu controls usually have a white background on Windows.
% See ISPC and COMPUTER.
if ispc && isequal(get(hObject,'BackgroundColor'), get(0,'defaultUicontrolBackgroundColor'))
set(hObject,'BackgroundColor','white');
end
希望这会有所帮助。