这是因为您弄乱了 GUIDE 生成的代码。
通常回调函数定义如下：
function SomeButton_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
但是在你写的代码中
function open1_Callback(filename, hObject, eventdata, handles)
但是guide仍然按照这个特定的顺序向回调函数发送三个参数（hObject、eventdata和handles）。所以 MatLab 会感到困惑并抛出错误。
你最好把你的文件名放到*_OpeningFcn函数的handles结构中，然后在所有的回调中使用它。
在*_OpeningFcn 的末尾，您应该添加以下内容：
% Here you may put all the data you need in your GUI
% just be sure to keep all the fields in handles structure from overwriting
% Safe way is to add MyData field and add all the stuff to it
handles.MyData.ListFileName = 'FileName.txt';
% the next two lienes are generated by GUIDE
% Update handles structure
guidata(hObject, handles);
然后在你的按钮的回调函数中
function open1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to open1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
% open the file
fid=fopen(handles.MyData.ListFileName);
% load lines from the file
% and do what is needed
for N=6:1:10
imagename = fgetl(fid);
if ~ischar(imagename), break, end % Meaning: End of File...
[x,map]=imread(imagename);
rgb=ind2rgb(x,map);
ax = handles.(sprintf('axes%d', N));
image(rgb, 'Parent', ax);
set(ax, 'Visible','off');
%xlabel(imagename);
end
% dont' forget to close the file
fclose(fid);
% If your callback function modifies data in handles.MyData structure
% you MUST update it back otherwise subsequent call-backs will not see it
guidata(hObject, handles);
是的，您使用fopen 函数打开的所有文件都应该使用fclose 关闭。当您因为其他程序正在使用它而无法在您最喜欢的编辑器中更新您的文件时，您将很难学会。
另请参阅 (Making universal variables in MATLAB GUI)
更新以反映 cmets 中的讨论：
要实现您想要的行为，我会执行以下操作：
在*_OpeningFcn 末尾添加以下内容：
% Here you may put all the data you need in your GUI
% just be sure to keep all the fields in handles structure from overwriting
% Safe way is to add MyData field and add all the stuff to it
handles.MyData.ListFileName = 'FileName.txt';
handles.MyData.FileNames = {}; % here we store all the image names
handles.MyData.Images = {}; % here we store all images
% Now we parse data from the file
fid=fopen(handles.MyData.ListFileName);
for N=6:1:10
imagename = fgetl(fid);
if ~ischar(imagename), break, end % Meaning: End of File...
[x,map]=imread(imagename);
rgb=ind2rgb(x,map);
ax = handles.(sprintf('axes%d', N));
image(rgb, 'Parent', ax);
set(ax, 'Visible','off');
%xlabel(imagename);
% store file name and image itself for later use
handles.MyData.Images{N} = rgb;
handles.MyData.FileNames{N} = imagename;
% we have buttons like open1 open2 open3 etc...
% add some info to the open buttons
% so they will be aware which image they display
btn = handles.(sprintf('open%d', N));
set(btn, 'UserData',N);
end
% dont' forget to close the file
fclose(fid);
% the next two lienes are generated by GUIDE
% Update handles structure
guidata(hObject, handles);
然后在打开按钮的回调函数中执行以下操作
function open1_Callback(hObject, eventdata, handles)
% hObject handle to open1 (see GCBO)
% eventdata reserved - to be defined in a future version of MATLAB
% handles structure with handles and user data (see GUIDATA)
N = get(hObject,'UserData');
rgb = handles.MyData.Images{N};
ax = handles.(sprintf('axes%d', N));
% create figure in 'modal' mode, so user have to close it to continue
figure('WindowStyle','modal', 'Name',handles.MyData.FileNames{N} );
% show image
image(rgb, 'Parent', ax);
set(ax, 'Visible','off');
% If your callback function modifies data in handles.MyData structure
% you MUST update it back otherwise subsequent call-backs will not see it
guidata(hObject, handles);
基本上，这个回调是通用的：它应该在不修改所有打开的按钮的情况下工作。您甚至可以将GUIDE中open2、open3 ...按钮的回调函数更改为open1_Callback。