使用Selenium模拟浏览器抓取淘宝商品美食信息

代码:

import re

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from pymongo import MongoClient
from pymongo.errors import PyMongoError


url = \'http://www.taobao.com\'
KEYWORD = \'美食\'

# monogdb配置信息
MONGO_HOST = "localhost"
MONGO_DATABASE = "taobao"
MONGO_TABLE = "meishi"
client = MongoClient(host=MONGO_HOST)
db = client[MONGO_DATABASE]

# PhantomJS 命令行相关配置
# 参见 http://phantomjs.org/api/command-line.html
SERVICE_ARGS = [\'--disk-cache=true\', \'--load-images=false\']

# driver = webdriver.Chrome()  # 有界面
driver = webdriver.PhantomJS(service_args=SERVICE_ARGS)  # 无界面
delay = 10
wait = WebDriverWait(driver, delay)
# print(\'windows size\', driver.get_window_size())
# PhantomJs()的浏览器窗口很小,宽高只有400 * 300
driver.maximize_window()  # 窗口最大化  # 对于PhantomJS来说设置窗口大小很关键，如果不设置，经常会出现问题
# driver.set_window_size(1920, 1080) # 设置浏览器窗口大小


# 模拟在淘宝网页中输入关键字搜索
def search():
    print("准备搜索 %s" % KEYWORD)
    try:
        driver.get(url)
        input_box = wait.until(
            EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CSS_SELECTOR, "input#q"))
        )
        search_btn = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable(
            (By.CSS_SELECTOR, \'#J_TSearchForm > div.search-button > button\')))
        input_box.send_keys(KEYWORD)
        search_btn.click()
        total_page_str = wait.until(
            EC.presence_of_element_located(
                (By.CSS_SELECTOR, \'div.total\'))).text
        total_page_num = int(re.search("(\d+)", total_page_str).group(1))
        item_list = get_goods_by_beautifulsoup()
        save_to_mongodb(item_list)
        return total_page_num
    except TimeoutError:
        print("搜索%s超时", KEYWORD)
        print("重新尝试搜索: %s", KEYWORD)
        search()


# 根据页码获取指定页数据，并将其保存到数据库中
def get_page(page_num):
    print("正在获取第%d页数据" % page_num)
    try:
        page_num_box = wait.until(
            EC.presence_of_element_located(
                (By.CSS_SELECTOR, "div.form > input")))
        ok_btn = wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable(
            (By.CSS_SELECTOR, \'div.form > span.btn.J_Submit\')))
        page_num_box.clear()
        page_num_box.send_keys(page_num)
        ok_btn.click()
        wait.until(
            EC.text_to_be_present_in_element(
                (By.CSS_SELECTOR,
                 \'li.item.active > span.num\'),
                str(page_num)))
        item_list = get_goods_by_beautifulsoup()
        save_to_mongodb(item_list)
    except TimeoutException:
        print("请求第%d页失败" % page_num)
        print("尝试重新获取第%d页" % page_num)
        return get_page(page_num)


def get_goods_by_pyquery():
    \'\'\'
    通过pyquery库解析数据
    获取商品的图片url、价格、标题、成交量、店铺名称、店铺位置
    \'\'\'
    wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located(
        (By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#mainsrp-itemlist  .items .item")))
    html = driver.page_source

    doc = pq(html)
    items = list(doc(\'#mainsrp-itemlist  .items .item\').items())
    for item in items:
        yield {
            # 不要用src属性,获取的图片地址很多是.gif图片，而非真实商品图片,
            \'image\': \'http://\' + item.find(\'.J_ItemPic.img\').attr(\'data-src\'),
            \'price\': item.find(\'.price\').text(),
            \'title\': item.find(\'.row > .J_ClickStat\').text().strip(),
            \'deal_cnt\': item.find(\'.deal-cnt\').text()[:-3],
            \'shop\': item.find(\'.shop\').text(),
            \'location\': item.find(\'.location\').text(),
        }


# 通过bs4解析数据
def get_goods_by_beautifulsoup():
    \'\'\'
    通过bs4库解析数据
    获取商品的图片url、价格、标题、成交量、店铺名称、店铺位置
    \'\'\'
    wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located(
        (By.CSS_SELECTOR, "#mainsrp-itemlist  .items .item")))
    html = driver.page_source

    soup = BeautifulSoup(html, \'lxml\')
    items = soup.select(\'#mainsrp-itemlist  .items .item\')
    for item in items:
        yield {
            \'image\': \'http:\' + item.select(\'img.J_ItemPic.img\')[0][\'data-src\'],
            \'price\': item.select(\'div.price.g_price.g_price-highlight\')[0].get_text(strip=True),
            \'title\': item.select(\'div.row.row-2.title > a.J_ClickStat\')[0].get_text(strip=True),
            \'deal_cnt\': item.select(\'div.deal-cnt\')[0].text[:-3],
            \'shop\': item.select(\'div.shop > a\')[0].get_text(strip=True),
            \'location\': item.select(\'div.location\')[0].text,
        }


def save_to_mongodb(item_list):
    for item in item_list:
        try:
            db[MONGO_TABLE].insert(item)   # insert支持插入多条数据
            print("mongodb插入数据成功:", item)
        except PyMongoError as e:
            print("mongodb插入数据失败:", item, e)


# 获取淘宝美食的图片url、价格、标题、成交量、店铺名称、店铺位置并将结果保存在mongodb数据库中
if __name__ == \'__main__\':
    try:
        total_pages = search()
        for page_num in range(2, total_pages + 1):
            get_page(page_num)
    except Exception as e:
        print("出错了", e)
    finally:  # 确保 浏览器能正常关闭
        driver.close()

 

备注:

PhantomJS无界面浏览器打开的窗口默认大小400*300, 往往不能将网页加载完全，会给提取数据造成很大的困难，因此需要指定窗口大小。

可以使用 maximize_window() 最大化窗口或者set_window_size()设置指定大小

可能会出现的异常:

raise TimeoutException(message, screen, stacktrace)
selenium.common.exceptions.TimeoutException: Message: 
Screenshot: available via screen