找到MSSMS安装位置，例如我是安装到了D:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio 18
将D:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio 18\Common7\IDE\PrivateAssemblies\Interop文件夹下的Microsoft.VisualStudio.Shell.Interop.8.0.dll
复制到D:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft SQL Server Management Studio 18\Common7\IDE\PublicAssemblies文件夹下
具体可参考网站
https://dba.stackexchange.com/questions/237086/sql-server-management-studio-18-wont-open-only-splash-screen-pops-up