1、前言
发送邮件应该是网站的必备拓展功能之一,注册验证,忘记密码或者是给用户发送营销信息。正常我们会用JavaMail相关api来写发送邮件的相关代码,但现在springboot提供了一套更简易使用的封装。
2、Mail依赖
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<dependency>
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<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
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<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-mail</artifactId>
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<version>${spring-boot-mail.version}</version>
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</dependency>
来看看其依赖树:
可以看到spring-boot-starter-mail-xxx.jar对Sun公司的邮件api功能进行了相应的封装。
3、Mail自动配置类: MailSenderAutoConfiguration
其实肯定可以猜到Spring Boot对Mail功能已经配置了相关的基本配置信息,它是Spring Boot官方提供,其类为MailSenderAutoConfiguration:
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//MailSenderAutoConfiguration
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@Configuration
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@ConditionalOnClass({ MimeMessage.class, MimeType.class })
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@ConditionalOnMissingBean(MailSender.class)
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@Conditional(MailSenderCondition.class)
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@EnableConfigurationProperties(MailProperties.class)
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@Import(JndiSessionConfiguration.class)
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public class MailSenderAutoConfiguration {
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private final MailProperties properties;
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private final Session session;
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public MailSenderAutoConfiguration(MailProperties properties,
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ObjectProvider<Session> session) {
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this.properties = properties;
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this.session = session.getIfAvailable();
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}
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@Bean
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public JavaMailSenderImpl mailSender() {
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JavaMailSenderImpl sender = new JavaMailSenderImpl();
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if (this.session != null) {
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sender.setSession(this.session);
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}
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else {
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applyProperties(sender);
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}
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return sender;
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}
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//other code...
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}
首先,它会通过注入Mail的属性配置类MailProperties:
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@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.mail")
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public class MailProperties {
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private static final Charset DEFAULT_CHARSET = Charset.forName("UTF-8");
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/**
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* SMTP server host.
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*/
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private String host;
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/**
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* SMTP server port.
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*/
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private Integer port;
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/**
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* Login user of the SMTP server.
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*/
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private String username;
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/**
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* Login password of the SMTP server.
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*/
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private String password;
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/**
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* Protocol used by the SMTP server.
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*/
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private String protocol = "smtp";
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/**
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* Default MimeMessage encoding.
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*/
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private Charset defaultEncoding = DEFAULT_CHARSET;
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/**
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* Additional JavaMail session properties.
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*/
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private Map<String, String> properties = new HashMap<String, String>();
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/**
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* Session JNDI name. When set, takes precedence to others mail settings.
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*/
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private String jndiName;
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/**
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* Test that the mail server is available on startup.
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*/
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private boolean testConnection;
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//other code...
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}
在MailSenderAutoConfiguration自动配置类中,创建了一个Bean,其类为JavaMailSenderImpl,它是Spring专门用来发送Mail邮件的服务类,SpringBoot也使用它来发送邮件。它是JavaMailSender接口的实现类,通过它的send()方法来发送不同类型的邮件,主要分为两类,一类是简单的文本邮件,不带任何html格式,不带附件,不带图片等简单邮件,还有一类则是带有html格式文本或者链接,有附件或者图片的复杂邮件。
4、发送邮件
通用配置application.properties:
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# 设置邮箱主机
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spring.mail.host=smtp.qq.com
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# 设置用户名
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spring.mail.username=xxxxxx@qq.com
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# 设置密码,该处的密码是QQ邮箱开启SMTP的授权码而非QQ密码
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spring.mail.password=pwvtabrwxogxidac
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# 设置是否需要认证,如果为true,那么用户名和密码就必须的,
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# 如果设置false,可以不设置用户名和密码,当然也得看你的对接的平台是否支持无密码进行访问的。
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spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.auth=true
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# STARTTLS[1] 是对纯文本通信协议的扩展。它提供一种方式将纯文本连接升级为加密连接(TLS或SSL),而不是另外使用一个端口作加密通信。
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spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.starttls.enable=true
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spring.mail.properties.mail.smtp.starttls.required=true
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mail.from=${spring.mail.username}
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mail.to=yyyyyy@qq.com
由于使用QQ邮箱的用户占多数,所以这里选择QQ邮箱作为测试。还有注意的是spring.mail.password这个值不是QQ邮箱的密码,而是QQ邮箱给第三方客户端邮箱生成的授权码。具体要登录QQ邮箱,点击设置,找到SMTP服务:
默认SMTP服务是关闭的,即默认状态为关闭状态,如果是第一次操作,点击开启后,会通过验证会获取到授权码;而我之前已经开启过SMTP服务,所以直接点击生成授权码后通过验证获取到授权码。
自定义的MailProperties配置类,用于解析mail开头的配置属性:
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@Component
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@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "mail")
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public class MailProperties {
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private String from;
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private String to;
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//getter and setter...
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}
4.1、测试发送简单文本邮件
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@SpringBootTest
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@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
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public class SimpleMailTest {
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@Autowired
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private MailService mailService;
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@Test
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public void sendMail(){
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mailService.sendSimpleMail("测试Springboot发送邮件", "发送邮件...");
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}
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}
sendSimpleMail():
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@Override
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public void sendSimpleMail(String subject, String text) {
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SimpleMailMessage mailMessage = new SimpleMailMessage();
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mailMessage.setFrom(mailProperties.getFrom());
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mailMessage.setTo(mailProperties.getTo());
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mailMessage.setSubject(subject);
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mailMessage.setText(text);
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javaMailSender.send(mailMessage);
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}
观察结果:
4.2、测试发送带有链接和附件的复杂邮件
事先准备一个文件file.txt,放在resources/public/目录下。
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@SpringBootTest
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@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
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public class MimeMailTest {
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@Autowired
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private MailService mailService;
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@Test
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public void testMail() throws MessagingException {
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Map<String, String> attachmentMap = new HashMap<>();
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attachmentMap.put("附件", "file.txt的绝对路径");
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mailService.sendHtmlMail("测试Springboot发送带附件的邮件", "欢迎进入<a href=\"http://www.baidu.com\">百度首页</a>", attachmentMap);
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}
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}
sendHtmlMail():
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@Override
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public void sendHtmlMail(String subject, String text, Map<String, String> attachmentMap) throws MessagingException {
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MimeMessage mimeMessage = javaMailSender.createMimeMessage();
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//是否发送的邮件是富文本(附件,图片,html等)
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MimeMessageHelper messageHelper = new MimeMessageHelper(mimeMessage, true);
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messageHelper.setFrom(mailProperties.getFrom());
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messageHelper.setTo(mailProperties.getTo());
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messageHelper.setSubject(subject);
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messageHelper.setText(text, true);//重点,默认为false,显示原始html代码,无效果
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if(attachmentMap != null){
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attachmentMap.entrySet().stream().forEach(entrySet -> {
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try {
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File file = new File(entrySet.getValue());
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if(file.exists()){
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messageHelper.addAttachment(entrySet.getKey(), new FileSystemResource(file));
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}
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} catch (MessagingException e) {
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e.printStackTrace();
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}
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});
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}
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javaMailSender.send(mimeMessage);
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}
观察结果:
4.3、测试发送模版邮件
这里使用Freemarker作为模版引擎。
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<dependency>
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<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
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<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-freemarker</artifactId>
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<version>${spring-boot-freemarker.version}</version>
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</dependency>
事先准备一个模版文件mail.ftl
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<html>
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<body>
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<h3>你好, <span style="color: red;">${username}</span>, 这是一封模板邮件!</h3>
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</body>
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</html>
模版测试类:
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@SpringBootTest
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@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
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public class MailTemplateTest {
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@Autowired
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private MailService mailService;
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@Test
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public void testFreemarkerMail() throws MessagingException, IOException, TemplateException {
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Map<String, Object> params = new HashMap<>();
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params.put("username", "Cay");
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mailService.sendTemplateMail("测试Springboot发送模版邮件", params);
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}
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}
sendTemplateMail():
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@Override
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public void sendTemplateMail(String subject, Map<String, Object> params) throws MessagingException, IOException, TemplateException {
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MimeMessage mimeMessage = javaMailSender.createMimeMessage();
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MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(mimeMessage, true);
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helper.setFrom(mailProperties.getFrom());
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helper.setTo(mailProperties.getTo());
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Configuration configuration = new Configuration(Configuration.VERSION_2_3_28);
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configuration.setClassForTemplateLoading(this.getClass(), "/templates");
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String html = FreeMarkerTemplateUtils.processTemplateIntoString(configuration.getTemplate("mail.ftl"), params);
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helper.setSubject(subject);
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helper.setText(html, true);//重点,默认为false,显示原始html代码,无效果
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javaMailSender.send(mimeMessage);
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}
观察结果: