About Programming Single Sign-On
A business process that relies on several different applications is likely to face the challenge of dealing with several different security domains. Accessing an application on a Microsoft® Windows® operating system may require one set of security credentials, while accessing an application on an IBM mainframe may require different credentials. Dealing with this profusion of credentials is hard for users, and it can pose an even greater challenge for automating processes. To address this problem, Microsoft Host Integration Server 2004 includes Enterprise Single Sign-On (SSO).
SSO provides a way to map a Windows user ID to non-Windows user credentials. This service can simplify business processes that use applications on diverse systems.
To use SSO, an administrator defines affiliated applications, each of which represents a non-Windows system or application. An affiliated application might be a Customer Information Control System (CICS) application running on an IBM mainframe, an SAP ERP system running on Unix, or any other kind of software. Each of these applications has its own mechanism for authentication, and so each requires its own unique credentials.
SSO stores an encrypted mapping between the Windows user ID of a user and the associated credentials for one or more affiliated applications. These linked pairs are stored in a Credentials database. SSO uses the Credentials database in two ways. The first way, called Windows-initiated Single Sign-On, uses the user ID to determine to which affiliated applications the user has access. For example, a Windows user account may be linked with credentials that grant access to a DB2 database running on a remote AS/400 server. The second way, called host-initiated Single Sign-On, acts in reverse: determining what remote applications have access to a specified user ID, and the privileges that go with that account. For example, a remote application may be linked with credentials that grant access to a user account that has administration privileges on a Windows network.
Note that SSO also includes administration tools to perform various operations. All operations performed on the Credential database are audited; for example, tools are provided that enable an administrator to monitor these operations and set various audit levels. Other tools enable an administrator to disable a particular affiliated application, turn on and off an individual mapping for a user, and perform other functions. There is also a client program that enables end users to configure their own credentials and mappings.
One of the administrative requirements for Single Sign-On is that your local system must be aware of the credentials necessary to log onto a remote system. Similarly, the remote system must be aware of the credentials on your local system. Thus, when you update your credentials, such as when you update your password on your local machine, you must also inform the remote systems that you have done so. The component you design that synchronizes passwords across an enterprise is called a password sync adapter.
This section contains:
- About the Single Sign-On Interface
- About Single Sign-On Applications
- What you Need To Know Before Programming Single Sign-On
- Supported Platforms for Single Sign-On
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