概述
本篇随笔主要记录内容如下：
1、通过Maven创建基于Spring Framework类库的MVC项目，免去了繁琐的XML配置；
2、在Idea里面配置Tomcat的测试启动项；
Maven创建MVC项目
2.1、新建Maven项目：New Project-->Maven
2.2、修改配置
配置pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.wisely</groupId> <artifactId>hightlight_springmvc4</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>war</packaging> <properties> <java.version>1.7</java.version> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding> <!--web--> <jsp.version>2.2</jsp.version> <jstl.version>1.2</jstl.version> <servlet.version>3.1.0</servlet.version> <!--spring--> <spring-framwork.version>4.1.5.RELEASE</spring-framwork.version> <!--Logging--> <logback.version>1.0.13</logback.version> <slf4j.version>1.7.5</slf4j.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>javax</groupId> <artifactId>javaee-web-api</artifactId> <version>7.0</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <!--Spring MVC--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>${spring-framwork.version}</version> </dependency> <!--WEB依赖--> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>jstl</artifactId> <version>${jstl.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId> <version>${servlet.version}</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId> <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId> <version>${jsp.version}</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <!--Spring and Transactions--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId> <version>${spring-framwork.version}</version> </dependency> <!--使用SLF4J和LogBack作为日志--> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId> <version>${slf4j.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>log4j</groupId> <artifactId>log4j</artifactId> <version>1.2.16</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId> <version>${slf4j.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId> <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId> <version>${logback.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId> <artifactId>logback-core</artifactId> <version>${logback.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId> <artifactId>logback-access</artifactId> <version>${logback.version}</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.3.2</version> <configuration> <source>${java.version}</source> <target>${java.version}</target> </configuration> </plugin> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId> <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.3</version> <configuration> <failOnMissingWebXml>false</failOnMissingWebXml> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
在src/main/resources新建logback.xml来配置日志
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <configuration scan="true" scanPeriod="1 seconds"> <contextListener class="ch.qos.logback.classic.jul.LevelChangePropagator"> <resetJUL>true</resetJUL> </contextListener> <jmxConfigurator/> <appender name="console" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender"> <encoder> <pattern>logbak: %d{HH:mm:ss.SSS} %logger{36} - %msg%n</pattern> </encoder> </appender> <logger name="org.springframework.web" level="DEBUG"/> <!-- 1 --> <root level="info"> <appender-ref ref="console"/> </root> </configuration>
在src/main/resources新建views文件夹，在src/main/resources/views新建index.jsp文件
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %> <html> <head> <title>首页</title> </head> <body> <pr> Welcome to Spring Mvc World </pr> </body> </html>
PS（右键views新建的时候并没有jsp类型，需要将views设置为web路径。Project Structure-->Modules-->选择web，设置Web Resource Directory）
2.3、新建代码块
新建MvcConfig文件，用于配置MVC的映射规则，主要使用的InternalResourceViewResolver 类;PS：通过Package，查找新建的类的路径
package com.wisely.highlight_springmvc4; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.ComponentScan; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.EnableWebMvc; import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver; import org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView; @Configuration @EnableWebMvc @ComponentScan("com.wisely.highlight_springmvc4") public class MyMVCConfig { @Bean public InternalResourceViewResolver viewResolver(){ InternalResourceViewResolver viewResolver=new InternalResourceViewResolver(); viewResolver.setPrefix("/WEB-INF/classes/views/"); viewResolver.setSuffix(".jsp"); viewResolver.setViewClass(JstlView.class); return viewResolver; } }
新建WebInitializer继承WebApplicationInitializer，重写里面OnStartUp方法。在WEB中，我们使用AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext，代码如下
package com.wisely.highlight_springmvc4; import org.springframework.web.WebApplicationInitializer; import org.springframework.web.context.support.AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext; import org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet; import javax.servlet.ServletContext; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.ServletRegistration.Dynamic; public class WebInitializer implements WebApplicationInitializer { @Override public void onStartup(ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException { AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext context=new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext(); context.register(MyMVCConfig.class); context.setServletContext(servletContext); Dynamic servlet=servletContext.addServlet("dispatcher",new DispatcherServlet(context)); servlet.addMapping("/"); servlet.setLoadOnStartup(1); } }
新建HelloController
package com.wisely.highlight_springmvc4.web; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; @Controller public class HelloController { @RequestMapping("/index") public String hello(){ return "index"; } }
Idea里面配置Tomcat
3.1、选择Edit Configration,设置Tomcat
3.2、设置Deployment,选择"+"之后，选择Artifacts
PS：war模式—-将WEB工程以包的形式上传到服务器 ；war exploded模式—-将WEB工程以当前文件夹的位置关系上传到服务器
3.3、设置Server内容项
启动项目RunTomcat即可，输入 http://localhost:8009/H99/即可访问页面信息
get中文乱码
项目中遇到在前台用get方法传递中文到后台拿到的是乱码问题，花了好长时间解决，
下面是解决办法：
1、在IDEA编辑器里的编码格式都改成utf-8。
2、Get方式的乱码问题，由于参数是通过URL传递的，需要在服务器端配置URL编码格式。
注意，IDEA是没法编辑server.xml文件的，需要我们手动编辑文件。
在D:\tolls\apache-tomcat-7.0.64\conf下，修改tomcat的配置文件server.xml：
<Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
connectionTimeout="20000"
redirectPort="8443" URIEncoding="UTF-8" />
只需增加 URIEncoding="UTF-8" 这一句，然后重启tomcat即可。
Post中文乱码
package com.wisely.highlight_springmvc4; import org.springframework.web.WebApplicationInitializer; import org.springframework.web.context.support.AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext; import org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter; import org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet; import javax.servlet.*; import java.util.EnumSet; public class WebInitializer implements WebApplicationInitializer { @Override public void onStartup(ServletContext servletContext) throws ServletException { AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext context=new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext(); context.register(MyMVCConfig.class); context.setServletContext(servletContext); //Post中文编码乱码 CharacterEncodingFilter characterEncodingFilter=new CharacterEncodingFilter(); characterEncodingFilter.setEncoding("UTF-8"); characterEncodingFilter.setForceEncoding(true); FilterRegistration.Dynamic filter=servletContext.addFilter("characterEncodingFilter",characterEncodingFilter); filter.addMappingForUrlPatterns(EnumSet.of(DispatcherType.REQUEST), true, "/*"); //映射Filter //数据启动 ServletRegistration.Dynamic servlet=servletContext.addServlet("dispatcher",new DispatcherServlet(context)); servlet.addMapping("/"); servlet.setLoadOnStartup(1); //开启异步方法处理 servlet.setAsyncSupported(true); } }