苑昊博客： http://www.cnblogs.com/yuanchenqi/articles/7570003.html
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class Book(models.Model):
nid = models.AutoField(primary_key=True)
title = models.CharField(max_length=32)
publishDate= models.DateField()
price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=5,decimal_places=2)
keepNum= models.IntegerField()
commentNum= models.IntegerField(default=1)
# 与publish建立一对多的关系，外键字段建立在多的一方
# publish =models.ForeignKey(to="Publish",to_field="nid")
#与Author表建立多对多的关系，ManytoManyFiled可以建立在两个模型中的任意一个.
# authors =models.ManyToManyField(to="Author")
def __str__(self):
return self.title
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirect
from app01 import models
# Create your views here.
def query(request):
#可切片
queryset=models.Book.objects.all()
ret =queryset[0:2]
print(ret)
return HttpResponse("ok")
打印结果：
<QuerySet [<Book: python>, <Book: go>]>
#可迭代 for obj in queryset: print(obj.title,obj.price) return HttpResponse("ok")
结果：
python 1.00 go 11.00 linux 22.00
#惰性查询 queryset = models.Book.objects.all() #这一条语句没有在sql语句中执行也没有翻译成sql语句. print(queryset) #打印了才能执行sql语句和翻译. return HttpResponse("ok")
二 、Restframework快速实例化.
restful 一切皆资源.
from django.shortcuts import render
# Create your views here.
from django.contrib.auth.models import User, Group
from app01 import models
from rest_framework import serializers
class UserSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = User
fields = ('url', 'username', 'email', 'groups')
class GroupSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = Group
fields = ('url', 'name')
#自定义的Book序列化
class BookSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
class Meta:
model = models.Book
fields =('url','title')
from django.contrib.auth.models import User, Group
from rest_framework import viewsets
class UserViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
"""
API endpoint that allows users to be viewed or edited.
"""
queryset = User.objects.all().order_by('-date_joined')
serializer_class = UserSerializer
class GroupViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
"""
API endpoint that allows groups to be viewed or edited.
"""
queryset = Group.objects.all()
serializer_class = GroupSerializer
from app01 import models
class BookViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):
queryset = models.Book.objects.all()
serializer_class = BookSerializer
URL
from django.conf.urls import url, include
from rest_framework import routers
from app01 import views
router = routers.DefaultRouter()
router.register(r'users', views.UserViewSet)
router.register(r'groups', views.GroupViewSet)
router.register(r'books', views.BookViewSet)
# Wire up our API using automatic URL routing.
# Additionally, we include login URLs for the browsable API.
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^', include(router.urls)),
url(r'^api-auth/', include('rest_framework.urls', namespace='rest_framework'))
]
settings
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'app01.apps.App01Config',
'rest_framework'
]
Model表
class Book(models.Model):
title = models.CharField(max_length=32)
迁移 makemigrations and migrate .
前两个写在一个逻辑里面
books ---------------------------------get： 查询所有数据 --------------------------------- 返回的查询所有书籍.
books----------------------------------post：添加一本书籍---------------------------------返回的添加书籍
后三个写在另一一个url 逻辑里
books/1 -------------------------------get：查看某本书籍----------------------------------返回的这本书籍
books/1--------------------------------put/patch：编辑某本书籍--------------------------返回 编辑的某本书
books/1--------------------------------delete ：删除某本书籍------------------------------返回空
三 、RestFramework 的 APIView.
view视图类
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirect
# Create your views here.
from django.views import View
class BookView(View):
def get(self,request):
return HttpResponse("getget")
def post(self,request):
return HttpResponse("postpost")
url
2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r'^blog/', include('blog.urls'))
"""
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from app01 import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
url(r'^books/',views.BookView.as_view()),
]
model
from django.db import models # Create your models here. class Book(models.Model): title = models.CharField(max_length=32)
settings
INSTALLED_APPS = [ 'django.contrib.admin', 'django.contrib.auth', 'django.contrib.contenttypes', 'django.contrib.sessions', 'django.contrib.messages', 'django.contrib.staticfiles', 'app01.apps.App01Config', 'rest_framework'
]
测试工具测试：
json实现展现 （view类下的方法）
from app01 import views
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^admin/', admin.site.urls),
url(r'^books/',views.BookView.as_view()),
url(r"^books/(\d+)",views.BookDetailView.as_view())
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirect # Create your views here. from django.views import View from app01.models import Book import json class BookView(View): def get(self,request): ret =Book.objects.all() #对queryset做序列化转换 temp=[] for book in ret: temp.append({ "pk":book.pk, "title":book.title }) return HttpResponse(json.dumps(temp)) def post(self,request): print(request) class BookDetailView(View): pass
APIView类
apiview 下的dispatch
view(request) == return self.dispatch(request,*args,**kwargs)()
GET方法拿值
request.data
四、Restframework 的序列化组件
序列化：
views文件
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse,redirect
# Create your views here.
from django.views import View
from app01.models import Book
import json
from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from rest_framework import serializers
class BookSerializers(serializers.Serializer):
title =serializers.CharField(max_length=32)
price =serializers.DecimalField(max_digits=8,decimal_places=2)
publish =serializers.CharField(max_length=32,source="publish.Email")
authors =serializers.CharField(max_length=32,source="authors.all")
"""
#总结的源码
bs =BookSerializers(book_list,many=True)
temp=[]
for obj in book_list:
temp.append({
’titlte':obj.title,
’price':obj.price,
’publish':obj.publish.name,
'authors':obj.authors.
}）
#总结的源码
bs.data =json.dumps(temp)
"""
def get_authors(self,obj):
temp =[]
for obj in obj.authors.all():
temp.append(obj.name)
return temp
class BookView(APIView):
def get(self,request):
print(request._request.GET)
print(request.GET)
print(request.query_params)
book_list= Book.objects.all()
# 方式一：
temp=[]
from django.forms.models import model_to_dict
# for book in book_list:
# temp.append(model_to_dict(book)) #序列化方式一 django提供的.
#方式二：
# from django.core.serializers import serialize
# data =serialize("json",book_list) #序列化方式二 django提供的.
# return Response(data)
#方式三：
bs =BookSerializers(book_list,many=True)
print("bs:is",bs)
return Response(bs.data)
def post(self,request):
print("request.data==>",request.data)
print("request.POST==>",request.POST)
return HttpResponse("post request")
class BookDetailView(View):
pass
一对多 与多对多的字段 （publish ， author）