使用Maven创建java web 项目(Spring MVC)用到如下工具:
1、Maven 3.2
2、IntelliJ IDEA 13
3、JDK 1.7
4、Spring 4.1.1 released
5、Tomcat7
6、Logback 1.0.13 日志输出组件
接下来开始演示如何用Maven模板创建web项目
1、使用maven-archetype-webapp模板快速创建web项目的骨架结构
打开控制台，进入到你想要创建web项目的目录，然后运行如下命令：
1 $ mvn archetype:generate -DgroupId=com.yanyd 2 -DartifactId=CounterWebApp 3 -DarchetypeArtifactId=maven-archetype-webapp 4 -DinteractiveMode=false
一个名为CounterWebApp的项目就被创建起来了，标准的web目录结构就会被自动创建，结构如下：
1 |____CounterWebApp 2 | |____pom.xml 3 | |____src 4 | | |____main 5 | | | |____resources 6 | | | |____webapp 7 | | | | |____index.jsp 8 | | | | |____WEB-INF 9 | | | | | |____web.xml
源码包java/com/yanyd并不会自动创建，需要我们自己手动创建，然后将在IDEA中将该目录变成src目录。
2、使用命令mvn idea:idea 把该项目变成IDEA支持的项目，然后导入中IDEA中进行编程。
接下来要在pom.xml文件中配置项目依赖的文件和编译、部署插件，内容如下：
1 <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
2 xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
3 <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
4 <groupId>com.yanyd</groupId>
5 <artifactId>CounterWebApp</artifactId>
6 <packaging>war</packaging>
7 <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
8 <name>CounterWebApp Maven Webapp</name>
9 <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
10 <properties>
11 <jdk.version>1.7</jdk.version>
12 <spring.version>4.1.1.RELEASE</spring.version>
13 <jstl.version>1.2</jstl.version>
14 <junit.version>4.11</junit.version>
15 <logback.version>1.0.13</logback.version>
16 <jcl-over-slf4j.version>1.7.5</jcl-over-slf4j.version>
17 </properties>
18 <dependencies>
19 <dependency>
20 <groupId>junit</groupId>
21 <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
22 <version>${junit.version}</version>
23 <scope>test</scope>
24 </dependency>
25
26 <!--spring core-->
27 <dependency>
28 <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
29 <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
30 <version>${spring.version}</version>
31 <exclusions>
32 <exclusion>
33 <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
34 <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
35 </exclusion>
36 </exclusions>
37 </dependency>
38
39 <dependency>
40 <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
41 <artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId>
42 <version>${jcl-over-slf4j.version}</version>
43 </dependency>
44
45 <dependency>
46 <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
47 <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
48 <version>${logback.version}</version>
49 </dependency>
50
51 <dependency>
52 <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
53 <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
54 <version>${spring.version}</version>
55 </dependency>
56
57 <dependency>
58 <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
59 <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
60 <version>${spring.version}</version>
61 </dependency>
62
63 <!-- jstl -->
64 <dependency>
65 <groupId>jstl</groupId>
66 <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
67 <version>${jstl.version}</version>
68 </dependency>
69
70 </dependencies>
71 <build>
72 <!--最终生成的war文件名-->
73 <finalName>CounterWebApp</finalName>
74 <plugins>
75
76 <!-- Set JDK Compiler Level -->
77 <plugin>
78 <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
79 <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
80 <version>3.2</version>
81 <configuration>
82 <source>${jdk.version}</source>
83 <target>${jdk.version}</target>
84 </configuration>
85 </plugin>
86
87 <!-- For Maven Tomcat Plugin -->
88 <plugin>
89 <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
90 <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
91 <version>2.2</version>
92 <configuration>
93 <!--Deploy to server-->
94 <url>http://localhost:8080/manager/text</url>
95 <server>Tomcat7Server</server>
96 <path>/CounterWebApp</path>
97 </configuration>
98 </plugin>
99 </plugins>
100 </build>
101 </project>
3、编写源文件，测试Spring MVC框架是否正常，最终的文件结构如下：
1 |____pom.xml 2 |____src 3 | |____main 4 | | |____java 5 | | | |____com 6 | | | | |____yanyd 7 | | | | | |____controller 8 | | | | | | |____BaseController.java 9 | | |____resources 10 | | | |____logback.xml 11 | | |____webapp 12 | | | |____WEB-INF 13 | | | | |____mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml 14 | | | | |____pages 15 | | | | | |____index.jsp 16 | | | | |____web.xml
开始写Spring MVC控制类，BaseController.java:
1 package com.yanyd.controller;
2
3 import org.slf4j.Logger;
4 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
5 import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
6 import org.springframework.ui.ModelMap;
7 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
8 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
9 import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
10
11 /**
12 * Created by Administrator on 15-1-31.
13 */
14 /*There must be a Controller annotation or the application will doesn't work .*/
15 @Controller
16 public class BaseController {
17 private static int counter=0;
18 private static final String VIEW_INDEX="index";
19 private static final Logger logger= LoggerFactory.getLogger(BaseController.class);
20
21 @RequestMapping(value = "/" ,method = RequestMethod.GET)
22 public String welcome(ModelMap model){
23 model.addAttribute("message","Welcome");
24 model.addAttribute("counter",++counter);
25 logger.debug("[Welcome counter :{}",counter);
26 return VIEW_INDEX;//返回index.jsp
27 }
28
29 @RequestMapping(value = "/{name}" ,method = RequestMethod.GET)
30 public String welcome(@PathVariable String name , ModelMap model){
31 model.addAttribute("message","Welcome "+name);
32 model.addAttribute("counter",++counter);
33 logger.debug("[Welcome counter :{}",counter);
34 return VIEW_INDEX;//返回index.jsp
35 }
36 }
有一点要注意的就是Controller注解一定写，否则部署后访问时会出现404，一直找不到问题在哪！
接着写Spring的配置文件，mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml:
1 <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 2 xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 3 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 4 xsi:schemaLocation=" 5 http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 6 http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd 7 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 8 http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"> 9 10 <context:component-scan base-package="com.yanyd.controller"/> 11 <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver"> 12 <property name="prefix"> 13 <value>/WEB-INF/pages/</value> 14 </property> 15 <property name="suffix"> 16 <value>.jsp</value> 17 </property> 18 </bean> 19 </beans>
最后要在web.xml文件中把Spring框架集成进来并配置监听器：
1 <web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" 2 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 3 xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee 4 http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" 5 version="2.5"> 6 7 <display-name>Counter Web Application </display-name> 8 9 <servlet> 10 <servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name> 11 <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> 12 <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup> 13 </servlet> 14 <servlet-mapping> 15 <servlet-name>mvc-dispatcher</servlet-name> 16 <url-pattern>/</url-pattern> 17 </servlet-mapping> 18 19 <context-param> 20 <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> 21 <param-value>/WEB-INF/mvc-dispatcher-servlet.xml</param-value> 22 </context-param> 23 24 <listener> 25 <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> 26 </listener> 27 </web-app>
为了避免我们的jsp文件被直接访问，需要在WEB-INF目录下创建一个pages目录，并把jsp文件放入里面，index.jsp内容如下：
1 <html>
2 <body>
3 <h1>Maven + Spring MVC Web Project Example</h1>
4 <h2>Hello World!</h2>
5 <h3>Message:${message}</h3>
6 <h3>Counter:${counter}</h3>
7 </body>
8 </html>
为了让日志输出组件起作用，还需在resources目录下创建一个日志输出的配置文件logback.xml：
1 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
2 <configuration>
3
4 <appender name="STDOUT" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
5 <layout class="ch.qos.logback.classic.PatternLayout">
6
7 <Pattern>
8 %d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss} [%thread] %-5level %logger{36} - %msg%n
9 </Pattern>
10
11 </layout>
12 </appender>
13
14 <logger name="com.yanyd.controller" level="debug"
15 additivity="false">
16 <appender-ref ref="STDOUT" />
17 </logger>
18
19 <root level="error">
20 <appender-ref ref="STDOUT" />
21 </root>
22
23 </configuration>
4、部署web项目
方法1：mvn package，把生成的war文件部署到tomcat里。
方法2：mvn idea:idea，把项目转成支持IDEA的项目后直接在IDEA中部署。
方法3：mvn tomcat:run，如果已经在pom文件里配置了tomcat部署插件，直接运行该命令，会把项目部署到8080端口。
5、访问项目
http://localhost:8080/CounterWebApp/
http://localhost:8080/CounterWebApp/yanyd
如果内容正常输出，那么就是部署成功，项目结构也没问题！