SQL逻辑查询语句执行顺序

SELECT DISTINCT <select_list>
FROM <left_table>
<join_type> JOIN <right_table>
ON <join_condition>
WHERE <where_condition>
GROUP BY <group_by_list>
HAVING <having_condition>
ORDER BY <order_by_condition>
LIMIT <limit_number>

二 SELECT语句关键字的执行顺序

(7)     SELECT 
(8)     DISTINCT <select_list>
(1)     FROM <left_table>
(3)     <join_type> JOIN <right_table>
(2)     ON <join_condition>
(4)     WHERE <where_condition>
(5)     GROUP BY <group_by_list>
(6)     HAVING <having_condition>
(9)     ORDER BY <order_by_condition>
(10)    LIMIT <limit_number>

三准备表和数据

1. 新建一个测试数据库TestDB；

create database TestDB;

2.创建测试表table1和table2；

CREATE TABLE table1
 (
     customer_id VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL,
     city VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL,
     PRIMARY KEY(customer_id)
 )ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=UTF8;

 CREATE TABLE table2
 (
     order_id INT NOT NULL auto_increment,
     customer_id VARCHAR(10),
     PRIMARY KEY(order_id)
 )ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=UTF8;

3.插入测试数据；

INSERT INTO table1(customer_id,city) VALUES('163','hangzhou');
 INSERT INTO table1(customer_id,city) VALUES('9you','shanghai');
 INSERT INTO table1(customer_id,city) VALUES('tx','hangzhou');
 INSERT INTO table1(customer_id,city) VALUES('baidu','hangzhou');

 INSERT INTO table2(customer_id) VALUES('163');
 INSERT INTO table2(customer_id) VALUES('163');
 INSERT INTO table2(customer_id) VALUES('9you');
 INSERT INTO table2(customer_id) VALUES('9you');
 INSERT INTO table2(customer_id) VALUES('9you');
 INSERT INTO table2(customer_id) VALUES('tx');
 INSERT INTO table2(customer_id) VALUES(NULL);

准备工作做完以后，table1和table2看起来应该像下面这样：

mysql> select * from table1;
 +-------------+----------+
 | customer_id | city     |
 +-------------+----------+
 | 163         | hangzhou |
 | 9you        | shanghai |
 | baidu       | hangzhou |
 | tx          | hangzhou |
 +-------------+----------+
 4 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 mysql> select * from table2;
 +----------+-------------+
 | order_id | customer_id |
 +----------+-------------+
 |        1 | 163         |
 |        2 | 163         |
 |        3 | 9you        |
 |        4 | 9you        |
 |        5 | 9you        |
 |        6 | tx          |
 |        7 | NULL        |
 +----------+-------------+
 7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

四准备SQL逻辑查询测试语句

#查询来自杭州，并且订单数少于2的客户。
 SELECT a.customer_id, COUNT(b.order_id) as total_orders
 FROM table1 AS a
 LEFT JOIN table2 AS b
 ON a.customer_id = b.customer_id
 WHERE a.city = 'hangzhou'
 GROUP BY a.customer_id
 HAVING count(b.order_id) < 2
 ORDER BY total_orders DESC;

五执行顺序分析

在这些SQL语句的执行过程中，都会产生一个虚拟表，用来保存SQL语句的执行结果（这是重点），我现在就来跟踪这个虚拟表的变化，得到最终的查询结果的过程，来分析整个SQL逻辑查询的执行顺序和过程。

执行FROM语句

第一步，执行FROM语句。我们首先需要知道最开始从哪个表开始的，这就是FROM告诉我们的。现在有了<left_table>和<right_table>两个表，我们到底从哪个表开始，还是从两个表进行某种联系以后再开始呢？它们之间如何产生联系呢？——笛卡尔积

关于什么是笛卡尔积，请自行Google补脑。经过FROM语句对两个表执行笛卡尔积，会得到一个虚拟表，暂且叫VT1（vitual table 1），内容如下：

+-------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| customer_id | city     | order_id | customer_id |
+-------------+----------+----------+-------------+
| 163         | hangzhou |        1 | 163         |
| 9you        | shanghai |        1 | 163         |
| baidu       | hangzhou |        1 | 163         |
| tx          | hangzhou |        1 | 163         |
| 163         | hangzhou |        2 | 163         |
| 9you        | shanghai |        2 | 163         |
| baidu       | hangzhou |        2 | 163         |
| tx          | hangzhou |        2 | 163         |
| 163         | hangzhou |        3 | 9you        |
| 9you        | shanghai |        3 | 9you        |
| baidu       | hangzhou |        3 | 9you        |
| tx          | hangzhou |        3 | 9you        |
| 163         | hangzhou |        4 | 9you        |
| 9you        | shanghai |        4 | 9you        |
| baidu       | hangzhou |        4 | 9you        |
| tx          | hangzhou |        4 | 9you        |
| 163         | hangzhou |        5 | 9you        |
| 9you        | shanghai |        5 | 9you        |
| baidu       | hangzhou |        5 | 9you        |
| tx          | hangzhou |        5 | 9you        |
| 163         | hangzhou |        6 | tx          |
| 9you        | shanghai |        6 | tx          |
| baidu       | hangzhou |        6 | tx          |
| tx          | hangzhou |        6 | tx          |
| 163         | hangzhou |        7 | NULL        |
| 9you        | shanghai |        7 | NULL        |
| baidu       | hangzhou |        7 | NULL        |
| tx          | hangzhou |        7 | NULL        |
+-------------+----------+----------+-------------+

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二 SELECT语句关键字的执行顺序

三 准备表和数据

四 准备SQL逻辑查询测试语句

五 执行顺序分析

三准备表和数据

四准备SQL逻辑查询测试语句

五执行顺序分析