Python的paramiko模块能够连接远程主机，并在该主机上执行命令，和该主机之间进行文件传输。paramiko支持用明文密码登录远程主机和秘钥登录。使用之前要安装一下这个模块哈，pip install paramiko，不会安装可以百度哈。
（1）密码登录
#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# Author: "Liuyouyuan"
# Date: 2018/1/23
import paramiko
def run_cmd(host, port, user, passwd, cmd):
ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy())
ssh.connect(hostname=host, port=port, username=user, password=passwd)
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(cmd)
stdout = stdout.read()
stderr = stderr.read()
ssh.close()
if not stderr:
print(stdout.decode())
else:
print(stderr.decode())
if __name__ == '__main__':
HOST = "10.129.205.151"
PORT = 22
USER = "root"
PASSWD = "******"
cmd = "df -h"
run_cmd(HOST, PORT, USER, PASSWD, cmd)
来看执行结果：
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/cl-root 17G 6.8G 11G 40% / devtmpfs 897M 0 897M 0% /dev tmpfs 912M 84K 912M 1% /dev/shm tmpfs 912M 9.0M 903M 1% /run tmpfs 912M 0 912M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sda1 1014M 173M 842M 18% /boot tmpfs 183M 16K 183M 1% /run/user/42 tmpfs 183M 0 183M 0% /run/user/0
（2）秘钥登录
def run_cmd_pkey(host, port, user, rsa_file):
"""
linux 端创建秘钥 ssh-keygen
把要连的机子的公钥改名 mv id_rsa.pub authorized_keys
想要连接哪台机器就直接把公钥copy到该机器的用户home下 格式：/root/.ssh
"""
private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(rsa_file) # 指定私钥所在文件
ssh = paramiko.SSHClient() # 创建ssh对象
ssh.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy()) # 允许连接不在know_hosts文件中的主机
ssh.connect(hostname=host, port=port, username=user, pkey=private_key) # 连接服务器
stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command("df") # 执行命令
stdout = stdout.read()
stderr = stderr.read()
ssh.close() # 关闭连接
if not stderr:
print(stdout.decode())
else:
print(stderr.decode())
（3）上传下载文件明文密码版本
import paramiko
def ssh_transfer_file(host, port, user, passwd, local_file, remote_file):
transport = paramiko.Transport(host, port)
transport.connect(username=user, password=passwd)
sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport)
# sftp.put(local_file, remote_file) # 从本地上传文件到远程主机
sftp.get(remote_file, local_file) # 从远程主机下载到本地
transport.close()
if __name__ == '__main__':
HOST = "10.129.205.151"
PORT = 22
USER = "root"
PASSWD = "******"
cmd = "df -h"
remote_file = "/data/download/nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz"
local_file = "nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz"
ssh_transfer_file(HOST, PORT, USER, PASSWD, local_file, remote_file)
先测试下下载功能。
首先看下远程主机上的文件：
[root@liuyouyuan download]# ll /data/download total 17444 drwxr-xr-x. 9 lyy lyy 186 Jul 19 2017 nginx-1.12.0 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 980831 Apr 12 2017 nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz drwxr-xr-x. 18 501 501 4096 Jul 19 2017 Python-3.6.1 -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 16872064 Mar 21 2017 Python-3.6.1.tar.xz