=====================================================
FFmpeg的库函数源代码分析文章列表:
【架构图】
FFmpeg源代码结构图 - 解码
FFmpeg源代码结构图 - 编码
【通用】
FFmpeg 源代码简单分析:av_register_all()
FFmpeg 源代码简单分析:avcodec_register_all()
FFmpeg 源代码简单分析:内存的分配和释放(av_malloc()、av_free()等)
FFmpeg 源代码简单分析:常见结构体的初始化和销毁(AVFormatContext,AVFrame等)
FFmpeg 源代码简单分析:avio_open2()
FFmpeg 源代码简单分析:av_find_decoder()和av_find_encoder()
FFmpeg 源代码简单分析:avcodec_open2()
FFmpeg 源代码简单分析:avcodec_close()
【解码】
图解FFMPEG打开媒体的函数avformat_open_input
FFmpeg 源代码简单分析:avformat_open_input()
FFmpeg 源代码简单分析:avformat_find_stream_info()
FFmpeg 源代码简单分析:av_read_frame()
FFmpeg 源代码简单分析:avcodec_decode_video2()
FFmpeg 源代码简单分析:avformat_close_input()
【编码】
FFmpeg 源代码简单分析:avformat_alloc_output_context2()
FFmpeg 源代码简单分析:avformat_write_header()
FFmpeg 源代码简单分析:avcodec_encode_video()
FFmpeg 源代码简单分析:av_write_frame()
FFmpeg 源代码简单分析:av_write_trailer()
【其它】
FFmpeg源代码简单分析:日志输出系统(av_log()等)
FFmpeg源代码简单分析:结构体成员管理系统-AVClass
FFmpeg源代码简单分析:结构体成员管理系统-AVOption
FFmpeg源代码简单分析:libswscale的sws_getContext()
FFmpeg源代码简单分析:libswscale的sws_scale()
FFmpeg源代码简单分析:libavdevice的avdevice_register_all()
FFmpeg源代码简单分析:libavdevice的gdigrab
【脚本】
FFmpeg源代码简单分析:makefile
FFmpeg源代码简单分析:configure
【H.264】
FFmpeg的H.264解码器源代码简单分析:概述
=====================================================
本文记录FFmpeg的libavdevice中GDIGrab组件的源代码。GDIGrab用于在Windows下屏幕录像(抓屏)。在ffmpeg.exe中使用可以参考文章:
FFmpeg获取DirectShow设备数据(摄像头,录屏)
编程使用可以参考文章:
最简单的基于FFmpeg的AVDevice例子(屏幕录制)
gdigrab的源代码位于libavdevice\gdigrab.c。关键函数的调用关系图如下图所示。图中绿色背景的函数代表源代码中自己声明的函数,紫色背景的函数代表Win32的API函数。
ff_gdigrab_demuxer
在FFmpeg中Device也被当做是一种Format,因为GDIGrab是一个输入设备,因此被当作一个AVInputFormat。GDIGrab对应的AVInputFormat结构体如下所示。
-
AVInputFormat ff_gdigrab_demuxer = {
-
.name = "gdigrab",
-
.long_name = NULL_IF_CONFIG_SMALL("GDI API Windows frame grabber"),
-
.priv_data_size = sizeof(struct gdigrab),
-
.read_header = gdigrab_read_header,
-
.read_packet = gdigrab_read_packet,
-
.read_close = gdigrab_read_close,
-
.flags = AVFMT_NOFILE,
-
.priv_class = &gdigrab_class,
-
};
从该结构体可以看出:
设备名称是“gdigrab”;
设备完整名称是“GDI API Windows frame grabber”;
初始化函数指针read_header()指向gdigrab_read_header();
读取数据函数指针read_packet()指向gdigrab_read_packet();
关闭函数指针read_close()指向gdigrab_read_close();
Flags设置为AVFMT_NOFILE;
AVClass指定为gdigrab_class。
下面分析一下这些数据。
gdigrab_class
ff_gdigrab_demuxer指定它的AVClass为一个名称为“gdigrab_class”的静态变量。有关AVClass的概念之前已经记录过,在这里不再重复。gdigrab_class的定义如下。
-
static const AVClass gdigrab_class = {
-
.class_name = "GDIgrab indev",
-
.item_name = av_default_item_name,
-
.option = options,
-
.version = LIBAVUTIL_VERSION_INT,
-
};
从gdigrab_class的定义可以看出,它指定了一个名称为“options”的数组作为它的选项数组(赋值给AVClass的option变量)。
options
下面看一下这个options数组的定义,如下所示。
-
#define OFFSET(x) offsetof(struct gdigrab, x)
-
#define DEC AV_OPT_FLAG_DECODING_PARAM
-
static const AVOption options[] = {
-
{ "draw_mouse", "draw the mouse pointer", OFFSET(draw_mouse), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, {.i64 = 1}, 0, 1, DEC },
-
{ "show_region", "draw border around capture area", OFFSET(show_region), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, {.i64 = 0}, 0, 1, DEC },
-
{ "framerate", "set video frame rate", OFFSET(framerate), AV_OPT_TYPE_VIDEO_RATE, {.str = "ntsc"}, 0, 0, DEC },
-
{ "video_size", "set video frame size", OFFSET(width), AV_OPT_TYPE_IMAGE_SIZE, {.str = NULL}, 0, 0, DEC },
-
{ "offset_x", "capture area x offset", OFFSET(offset_x), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, {.i64 = 0}, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, DEC },
-
{ "offset_y", "capture area y offset", OFFSET(offset_y), AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, {.i64 = 0}, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, DEC },
-
{ NULL },
-
};
options数组中包含了该Device支持的选项。可以看出GDIGrab支持如下选项:
draw_mouse:画出鼠标指针。
show_region:划出抓屏区域的边界。
framerate:抓屏帧率。
video_size:抓屏的大小。
offset_x:抓屏起始点x轴坐标。
offset_y:抓屏起始点y轴坐标。
从宏定义“#define OFFSET(x) offsetof(struct gdigrab, x)”中可以看出,这些选项都存储在一个名称为“gdigrab”的结构体中。
Gdigrab 上下文结构体
Gdigrab上下文结构体中存储了GDIGrab设备用到的各种变量,定义如下所示。
-
/**
-
* GDI Device Demuxer context
-
*/
-
struct gdigrab {
-
const AVClass *class; /**< Class for private options */
-
-
int frame_size; /**< Size in bytes of the frame pixel data */
-
int header_size; /**< Size in bytes of the DIB header */
-
AVRational time_base; /**< Time base */
-
int64_t time_frame; /**< Current time */
-
-
int draw_mouse; /**< Draw mouse cursor (private option) */
-
int show_region; /**< Draw border (private option) */
-
AVRational framerate; /**< Capture framerate (private option) */
-
int width; /**< Width of the grab frame (private option) */
-
int height; /**< Height of the grab frame (private option) */
-
int offset_x; /**< Capture x offset (private option) */
-
int offset_y; /**< Capture y offset (private option) */
-
-
HWND hwnd; /**< Handle of the window for the grab */
-
HDC source_hdc; /**< Source device context */
-
HDC dest_hdc; /**< Destination, source-compatible DC */
-
BITMAPINFO bmi; /**< Information describing DIB format */
-
HBITMAP hbmp; /**< Information on the bitmap captured */
-
void *buffer; /**< The buffer containing the bitmap image data */
-
RECT clip_rect; /**< The subarea of the screen or window to clip */
-
-
HWND region_hwnd; /**< Handle of the region border window */
-
-
int cursor_error_printed;
-
};
gdigrab_read_header()
gdigrab_read_header()用于初始化gdigrab。函数的定义如下所示。
-
/**
-
* Initializes the gdi grab device demuxer (public device demuxer API).
-
*
-
* @param s1 Context from avformat core
-
* @return AVERROR_IO error, 0 success
-
*/
-
static int
-
gdigrab_read_header(AVFormatContext *s1)
-
{
-
struct gdigrab *gdigrab = s1->priv_data;
-
//窗口句柄
-
HWND hwnd;
-
HDC source_hdc = NULL;
-
HDC dest_hdc = NULL;
-
BITMAPINFO bmi;
-
HBITMAP hbmp = NULL;
-
void *buffer = NULL;
-
-
const char *filename = s1->filename;
-
const char *name = NULL;
-
AVStream *st = NULL;
-
-
int bpp;
-
RECT virtual_rect;
-
//窗口的位置和大小
-
RECT clip_rect;
-
BITMAP bmp;
-
int ret;
-
//filename为窗口名称
-
if (!strncmp(filename, "title=", 6)) {
-
name = filename + 6;
-
//查找窗口的句柄
-
hwnd = FindWindow(NULL, name);
-
if (!hwnd) {
-
av_log(s1, AV_LOG_ERROR,
-
"Can't find window '%s', aborting.\n", name);
-
ret = AVERROR(EIO);
-
goto error;
-
}
-
if (gdigrab->show_region) {
-
av_log(s1, AV_LOG_WARNING,
-
"Can't show region when grabbing a window.\n");
-
gdigrab->show_region = 0;
-
}
-
//filename为desktop
-
} else if (!strcmp(filename, "desktop")) {
-
//窗口句柄为NULL
-
hwnd = NULL;
-
} else {
-
av_log(s1, AV_LOG_ERROR,
-
"Please use \"desktop\" or \"title=<windowname>\" to specify your target.\n");
-
ret = AVERROR(EIO);
-
goto error;
-
}
-
-
if (hwnd) {
-
GetClientRect(hwnd, &virtual_rect);
-
} else {
-
//窗口句柄为NULL,代表是全屏
-
virtual_rect.left = GetSystemMetrics(SM_XVIRTUALSCREEN);
-
virtual_rect.top = GetSystemMetrics(SM_YVIRTUALSCREEN);
-
virtual_rect.right = virtual_rect.left + GetSystemMetrics(SM_CXVIRTUALSCREEN);
-
virtual_rect.bottom = virtual_rect.top + GetSystemMetrics(SM_CYVIRTUALSCREEN);
-
}
-
-
/* If no width or height set, use full screen/window area */
-
if (!gdigrab->width || !gdigrab->height) {
-
clip_rect.left = virtual_rect.left;
-
clip_rect.top = virtual_rect.top;
-
clip_rect.right = virtual_rect.right;
-
clip_rect.bottom = virtual_rect.bottom;
-
} else {
-
clip_rect.left = gdigrab->offset_x;
-
clip_rect.top = gdigrab->offset_y;
-
clip_rect.right = gdigrab->width + gdigrab->offset_x;
-
clip_rect.bottom = gdigrab->height + gdigrab->offset_y;
-
}
-
-
if (clip_rect.left < virtual_rect.left ||
-
clip_rect.top < virtual_rect.top ||
-
clip_rect.right > virtual_rect.right ||
-
clip_rect.bottom > virtual_rect.bottom) {
-
av_log(s1, AV_LOG_ERROR,
-
"Capture area (%li,%li),(%li,%li) extends outside window area (%li,%li),(%li,%li)",
-
clip_rect.left, clip_rect.top,
-
clip_rect.right, clip_rect.bottom,
-
virtual_rect.left, virtual_rect.top,
-
virtual_rect.right, virtual_rect.bottom);
-
ret = AVERROR(EIO);
-
goto error;
-
}
-
-
/* This will get the device context for the selected window, or if
-
* none, the primary screen */
-
//得到某个窗口句柄的DC
-
source_hdc = GetDC(hwnd);
-
if (!source_hdc) {
-
WIN32_API_ERROR("Couldn't get window device context");
-
ret = AVERROR(EIO);
-
goto error;
-
}
-
bpp = GetDeviceCaps(source_hdc, BITSPIXEL);
-
-
if (name) {
-
av_log(s1, AV_LOG_INFO,
-
"Found window %s, capturing %lix%lix%i at (%li,%li)\n",
-
name,
-
clip_rect.right - clip_rect.left,
-
clip_rect.bottom - clip_rect.top,
-
bpp, clip_rect.left, clip_rect.top);
-
} else {
-
av_log(s1, AV_LOG_INFO,
-
"Capturing whole desktop as %lix%lix%i at (%li,%li)\n",
-
clip_rect.right - clip_rect.left,
-
clip_rect.bottom - clip_rect.top,
-
bpp, clip_rect.left, clip_rect.top);
-
}
-
-
if (clip_rect.right - clip_rect.left <= 0 ||
-
clip_rect.bottom - clip_rect.top <= 0 || bpp%8) {
-
av_log(s1, AV_LOG_ERROR, "Invalid properties, aborting\n");
-
ret = AVERROR(EIO);
-
goto error;
-
}
-
//创建一个与指定设备兼容的HDC
-
dest_hdc = CreateCompatibleDC(source_hdc);
-
if (!dest_hdc) {
-
WIN32_API_ERROR("Screen DC CreateCompatibleDC");
-
ret = AVERROR(EIO);
-
goto error;
-
}
-
-
/* Create a DIB and select it into the dest_hdc */
-
//BMP
-
bmi.bmiHeader.biSize = sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER);
-
bmi.bmiHeader.biWidth = clip_rect.right - clip_rect.left;
-
bmi.bmiHeader.biHeight = -(clip_rect.bottom - clip_rect.top);
-
bmi.bmiHeader.biPlanes = 1;
-
bmi.bmiHeader.biBitCount = bpp;
-
bmi.bmiHeader.biCompression = BI_RGB;
-
bmi.bmiHeader.biSizeImage = 0;
-
bmi.bmiHeader.biXPelsPerMeter = 0;
-
bmi.bmiHeader.biYPelsPerMeter = 0;
-
bmi.bmiHeader.biClrUsed = 0;
-
bmi.bmiHeader.biClrImportant = 0;
-
hbmp = CreateDIBSection(dest_hdc, &bmi, DIB_RGB_COLORS,
-
&buffer, NULL, 0);
-
if (!hbmp) {
-
WIN32_API_ERROR("Creating DIB Section");
-
ret = AVERROR(EIO);
-
goto error;
-
}
-
-
if (!SelectObject(dest_hdc, hbmp)) {
-
WIN32_API_ERROR("SelectObject");
-
ret = AVERROR(EIO);
-
goto error;
-
}
-
-
/* Get info from the bitmap */
-
GetObject(hbmp, sizeof(BITMAP), &bmp);
-
//创建AVStream
-
st = avformat_new_stream(s1, NULL);
-
if (!st) {
-
ret = AVERROR(ENOMEM);
-
goto error;
-
}
-
avpriv_set_pts_info(st, 64, 1, 1000000); /* 64 bits pts in us */
-
//保存信息到GDIGrab上下文结构体
-
gdigrab->frame_size = bmp.bmWidthBytes * bmp.bmHeight * bmp.bmPlanes;
-
gdigrab->header_size = sizeof(BITMAPFILEHEADER) + sizeof(BITMAPINFOHEADER) +
-
(bpp <= 8 ? (1 << bpp) : 0) * sizeof(RGBQUAD) /* palette size */;
-
gdigrab->time_base = av_inv_q(gdigrab->framerate);
-
gdigrab->time_frame = av_gettime() / av_q2d(gdigrab->time_base);
-
-
gdigrab->hwnd = hwnd;
-
gdigrab->source_hdc = source_hdc;
-
gdigrab->dest_hdc = dest_hdc;
-
gdigrab->hbmp = hbmp;
-
gdigrab->bmi = bmi;
-
gdigrab->buffer = buffer;
-
gdigrab->clip_rect = clip_rect;
-
-
gdigrab->cursor_error_printed = 0;
-
-
if (gdigrab->show_region) {
-
if (gdigrab_region_wnd_init(s1, gdigrab)) {
-
ret = AVERROR(EIO);
-
goto error;
-
}
-
}
-
-
st->codec->codec_type = AVMEDIA_TYPE_VIDEO;
-
st->codec->codec_id = AV_CODEC_ID_BMP;
-
st->codec->time_base = gdigrab->time_base;
-
st->codec->bit_rate = (gdigrab->header_size + gdigrab->frame_size) * 1/av_q2d(gdigrab->time_base) * 8;
-
-
return 0;
-
-
error:
-
//如果出错了
-
if (source_hdc)
-
ReleaseDC(hwnd, source_hdc);
-
if (dest_hdc)
-
DeleteDC(dest_hdc);
-
if (hbmp)
-
DeleteObject(hbmp);
-
if (source_hdc)
-
DeleteDC(source_hdc);
-
return ret;
-
}
从源代码可以看出,gdigrab_read_header()的流程大致如下所示:
(1)确定窗口的句柄hwnd。如果指定了“title=”的话,调用FindWindow()获取hwnd;如果指定了“desktop”,则设定hwnd为NULL。
(2)根据窗口的句柄hwnd确定抓屏的矩形区域。如果抓取指定窗口,则通过GetClientRect()函数;否则就抓取整个屏幕。
(3)调用GDI的API完成抓屏的一些初始化工作。包括:
a)通过GetDC()获得某个窗口句柄的HDC(在这里是source_hdc)。
b)通过CreateCompatibleDC()创建一个与指定设备兼容的HDC(在这里是dest_hdc)
c)通过CreateDIBSection()创建HBITMAP
d)通过SelectObject()绑定HBITMAP和HDC(指的是dest_hdc)
(4)通过avformat_new_stream()创建一个AVStream。
(5)将初始化时候的一些参数保存至GDIGrab的上下文结构体。
gdigrab_read_packet()
gdigrab_read_packet()用于读取一帧抓屏数据。该函数的定义如下所示。
-
/**
-
* Grabs a frame from gdi (public device demuxer API).
-
*
-
* @param s1 Context from avformat core
-
* @param pkt Packet holding the grabbed frame
-
* @return frame size in bytes
-
*/
-
static int gdigrab_read_packet(AVFormatContext *s1, AVPacket *pkt)
-
{
-
struct gdigrab *gdigrab = s1->priv_data;
-
//读取参数
-
HDC dest_hdc = gdigrab->dest_hdc;
-
HDC source_hdc = gdigrab->source_hdc;
-
RECT clip_rect = gdigrab->clip_rect;
-
AVRational time_base = gdigrab->time_base;
-
int64_t time_frame = gdigrab->time_frame;
-
-
BITMAPFILEHEADER bfh;
-
int file_size = gdigrab->header_size + gdigrab->frame_size;
-
-
int64_t curtime, delay;
-
-
/* Calculate the time of the next frame */
-
time_frame += INT64_C(1000000);
-
-
/* Run Window message processing queue */
-
if (gdigrab->show_region)
-
gdigrab_region_wnd_update(s1, gdigrab);
-
-
/* wait based on the frame rate */
-
//延时
-
for (;;) {
-
curtime = av_gettime();
-
delay = time_frame * av_q2d(time_base) - curtime;
-
if (delay <= 0) {
-
if (delay < INT64_C(-1000000) * av_q2d(time_base)) {
-
time_frame += INT64_C(1000000);
-
}
-
break;
-
}
-
if (s1->flags & AVFMT_FLAG_NONBLOCK) {
-
return AVERROR(EAGAIN);
-
} else {
-
av_usleep(delay);
-
}
-
}
-
//新建一个AVPacket
-
if (av_new_packet(pkt, file_size) < 0)
-
return AVERROR(ENOMEM);
-
pkt->pts = curtime;
-
-
/* Blit screen grab */
-
//关键:BitBlt()完成抓屏功能
-
if (!BitBlt(dest_hdc, 0, 0,
-
clip_rect.right - clip_rect.left,
-
clip_rect.bottom - clip_rect.top,
-
source_hdc,
-
clip_rect.left, clip_rect.top, SRCCOPY | CAPTUREBLT)) {
-
WIN32_API_ERROR("Failed to capture image");
-
return AVERROR(EIO);
-
}
-
//画鼠标指针?
-
if (gdigrab->draw_mouse)
-
paint_mouse_pointer(s1, gdigrab);
-
-
/* Copy bits to packet data */
-
//BMP文件头BITMAPFILEHEADER
-
bfh.bfType = 0x4d42; /* "BM" in little-endian */
-
bfh.bfSize = file_size;
-
bfh.bfReserved1 = 0;
-
bfh.bfReserved2 = 0;
-
bfh.bfOffBits = gdigrab->header_size;
-
//往AVPacket中拷贝数据
-
//拷贝BITMAPFILEHEADER
-
memcpy(pkt->data, &bfh, sizeof(bfh));
-
//拷贝BITMAPINFOHEADER
-
memcpy(pkt->data + sizeof(bfh), &gdigrab->bmi.bmiHeader, sizeof(gdigrab->bmi.bmiHeader));
-
//不常见
-
if (gdigrab->bmi.bmiHeader.biBitCount <= 8)
-
GetDIBColorTable(dest_hdc, 0, 1 << gdigrab->bmi.bmiHeader.biBitCount,
-
(RGBQUAD *) (pkt->data + sizeof(bfh) + sizeof(gdigrab->bmi.bmiHeader)));
-
//拷贝像素数据
-
memcpy(pkt->data + gdigrab->header_size, gdigrab->buffer, gdigrab->frame_size);
-
-
gdigrab->time_frame = time_frame;
-
-
return gdigrab->header_size + gdigrab->frame_size;
-
}
从源代码可以看出,gdigrab_read_packet()的流程大致如下所示:
(1)从GDIGrab上下文结构体读取初始化时候设定的参数。
(2)根据帧率参数进行延时。
(3)通过av_new_packet()新建一个AVPacket。
(4)通过BitBlt()完成抓屏功能。
(5)如果需要画鼠标指针的话,调用paint_mouse_pointer(),这里不做分析。
(6)按照顺序拷贝以下3项内容至AVPacket的data指向的内存:
a)BITMAPFILEHEADER
b)BITMAPINFOHEADER
c)抓屏的到的像素数据
gdigrab_read_close()
gdigrab_read_close()用于关闭gdigrab。该函数的定义如下所示。
-
/**
-
* Closes gdi frame grabber (public device demuxer API).
-
*
-
* @param s1 Context from avformat core
-
* @return 0 success, !0 failure
-
*/
-
static int gdigrab_read_close(AVFormatContext *s1)
-
{
-
struct gdigrab *s = s1->priv_data;
-
-
if (s->show_region)
-
gdigrab_region_wnd_destroy(s1, s);
-
-
if (s->source_hdc)
-
ReleaseDC(s->hwnd, s->source_hdc);
-
if (s->dest_hdc)
-
DeleteDC(s->dest_hdc);
-
if (s->hbmp)
-
DeleteObject(s->hbmp);
-
if (s->source_hdc)
-
DeleteDC(s->source_hdc);
-
-
return 0;
-
}
从源代码可以看出,gdigrab_read_close ()完成了各种变量的清理工作。
雷霄骅
[email protected]
http://blog.csdn.NET/leixiaohua1020