最初的发送邮件要用javamail，后来spring提供了JavaMailsender接口简化了代码。springboot更是提供了spring-boot-starter-mail
Spring 的 JavaMailSenderImpl 提供了强大的邮件发送功能，可发送普通文本邮件、带附件邮件、HTML 格式邮件、带图片邮件，设置发送内容编码格式、设置发送人的显示名称。
简述几个概念:
Message 类:定义发送人。收件人。标题。内容。发送时间等信息的创建和解析邮件的核心API
Transport 类:发送邮件的核心 API 类。
Store 类：接收邮件的核心API类。
邮件相关协议内容如下。
- SMTP 协议：发送邮件协议；
- POP3 协议：获取邮件协议；
- IMAP：接收信息的高级协议；
- MIME：邮件拓展内容格式：信息格式，附件格式。
下图用于演示两帐户相互发送邮件的过程：
亲测代码如下:
引入依赖包
<!--发送邮件--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-mail</artifactId> </dependency>
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId> </dependency>
定义发送邮件的接口
public interface MailService {
public void sendSimpleMail(String to, String subject, String content);//简单邮件
public void sendHtmlMail(String to, String subject, String content);//html邮件
public void sendAttachmentsMail(String to, String subject, String content, String filePath);//带附件邮件
public void sendInlineResourceMail(String to, String subject, String content, String rscPath, String rscId);//带静态资源文件（图片）的邮件
}
package com.neo.service.mail;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.core.io.FileSystemResource;
import org.springframework.mail.SimpleMailMessage;
import org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSender;
import org.springframework.mail.javamail.MimeMessageHelper;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import javax.mail.MessagingException;
import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage;
import java.io.File;
/**
* 邮件发送: 描述信息
*
* @author liyy
* @date 2018-07-18 14:22
*/
@Component
public class MailServiceImpl implements MailService{
private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass());
@Autowired
private JavaMailSender mailSender;
@Value("${spring.mail.username}")
private String from;
@Override
public void sendSimpleMail(String to, String subject, String content) {
SimpleMailMessage simpleMailMessage = new SimpleMailMessage();
simpleMailMessage.setFrom(from);
simpleMailMessage.setTo(to);
simpleMailMessage.setSubject(subject);
simpleMailMessage.setText(content);
try {
mailSender.send(simpleMailMessage);
logger.info("简单邮件已经发送。");
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.error("发送简单邮件时发生异常！", e);
}
}
@Override
public void sendHtmlMail(String to, String subject, String content) {
MimeMessage message = mailSender.createMimeMessage();
try {
//true表示需要创建一个multipart message
MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message, true);
helper.setFrom(from);
helper.setSubject(subject);
helper.setTo(to);
helper.setText(content);
helper.setCc("[email protected]");//抄送
mailSender.send(message);
logger.info("html邮件已经发送。");
} catch (MessagingException e) {
logger.info("html邮件已经发送。");
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void sendAttachmentsMail(String to, String subject, String content, String filePath) {
MimeMessage message = mailSender.createMimeMessage();
try {
//true表示需要创建一个multipart message
MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message, true);
helper.setFrom(from);
helper.setSubject(subject);
helper.setTo(to);
helper.setText(content);
helper.setCc("[email protected]");//抄送
//添加附件
FileSystemResource file = new FileSystemResource(new File(filePath));
String fileName = file.getFilename();
helper.addAttachment(fileName,file);
mailSender.send(message);
logger.info("带附件邮件已经发送。");
} catch (MessagingException e) {
logger.info("带附件邮件已经发送。");
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void sendInlineResourceMail(String to, String subject, String content, String rscPath, String rscId) {
MimeMessage message = mailSender.createMimeMessage();
try {
//true表示需要创建一个multipart message
MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message, true);
helper.setFrom(from);
helper.setSubject(subject);
helper.setTo(to);
helper.setText(content);
helper.setCc("[email protected]");//抄送
//添加附件
FileSystemResource file = new FileSystemResource(new File(rscPath));
helper.addInline(rscId,file);
mailSender.send(message);
logger.info("带静态资源文件邮件已经发送。");
} catch (MessagingException e) {
logger.info("带静态资源文件邮件已经发送。");
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
测试类
package com.neo;
import com.neo.service.mail.MailService;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import org.thymeleaf.TemplateEngine;
import org.thymeleaf.context.Context;
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class MailServiceTest {
@Autowired
private MailService mailService;
@Autowired
private TemplateEngine templateEngine;
@Test
public void testSimpleMail() throws Exception {
mailService.sendSimpleMail("[email protected]","这是一封简单邮件","大家好，这是我的第一封邮件！");
}
@Test
public void testHtmlMail() throws Exception {
String content="<html>\n" +
"<body>\n" +
" <h3>hello world ! 这是一封html邮件!</h3>\n" +
"</body>\n" +
"</html>";
mailService.sendHtmlMail("[email protected]","这是一封HTML邮件",content);
}
@Test
public void sendAttachmentsMail() {
String filePath="C:\\bqs\\分期还打包目录\\test\\spring-boot-package-war.war";
mailService.sendAttachmentsMail("[email protected]", "主题：带附件的邮件", "有附件，请查收！", filePath);
}
@Test
public void sendInlineResourceMail() {
String rscId = "neo006";
String content="<html><body>这是有图片的邮件：<img src=\'cid:" + rscId + "\' ></body></html>";
String imgPath = "C:\\bqs\\分期还打包目录\\test\\login-bg.jpg";
mailService.sendInlineResourceMail("[email protected]", "主题：这是有图片的邮件", content, imgPath, rscId);
}
/**
* 按照模板发送邮件
*/
@Test
public void sendTemplateMail() {
//创建邮件正文
Context context = new Context();
context.setVariable("id", "006");
String emailContent = templateEngine.process("template1", context);
mailService.sendHtmlMail("[email protected]","主题：这是模板邮件",emailContent);
}
}
template1对应html文件的名称。html作为模板邮件进行发送
例如一个template1.html如下:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8"/>
<title>邮件模板</title>
</head>
<body>
您好，感谢您的注册，这是一封验证邮件，请点击下面的链接完成注册，感谢您的支持！<br/>
<a href="#" th:href="@{http://www.ityouknow.com/register/{id}(id=${id}) }">**账号</a>
</body>
</html>
配置文件如下：
application.properties
spring.mail.host=smtp.qq.com [email protected] spring.mail.password=iipjqncncrgvcbcf spring.mail.default-encoding=UTF-8 spring.application.name=spirng-boot-mail
spring.mail.password=iipjqncncrgvcbcf 这里的密码并非登陆邮件的密码。而是第三方登陆邮件所需要的授权码。如果是qq邮箱则需要登陆qq邮箱进行授权。