华为的静态路由、默认路由与浮动路由实验

记录每日所学

一、静态路由

静态路由： 静态路由指由用户或网络管理员手工配置的路由信息。静态路由信息在缺省情况下是私有的，不会传递给其他的路由器。静态路由一般适用于比较简单的网络环境

优点：

1. 运行稳定
2. 节省设备链路的开销

缺点：

1. 对大型网络来说，工作量较大，拓扑一旦发生了改变，维护量变大
   建议：小型网络使用静态路由、中大型网络使用动态路由协议

实验：

R1配置：
undo terminal monitor
Info: Current terminal monitor is off.
sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname R1
[R1]user-interface console 0
[R1-ui-console0]idle-timeout 0 0
[R1-ui-console0]int g0/0/0
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 10.1.1.1 24
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]undo shutdown
Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 is not shutdown.
[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]qu
[R1]int LoopBack 0
[R1-LoopBack0]ip address 1.1.1.1 32
[R1-LoopBack0]qu
[R1]ip route-static 10.1.2.0 24 10.1.1.2
[R1]ip route-static 3.3.3.3 32 10.1.1.2
[R1]qu
save
R2配置：
undo terminal monitor
Info: Current terminal monitor is off.
sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname R2
[R2]user-interface console 0
[R2-ui-console0]idle-timeout 0 0
[R2-ui-console0]int g0/0/0
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip address 10.1.1.2 24
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]undo shut
Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 is not shutdown.
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]int g0/0/1
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 10.1.2.1 24
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]undo shut
Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 is not shutdown.
[R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]qu
[R2]ip route-static 1.1.1.1 32 10.1.1.1
[R2]ip route-static 3.3.3.3 32 10.1.2.2
R3配置：
undo terminal monitor
Info: Current terminal monitor is off.
sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname R3
[R3]int LoopBack 0
[R3-LoopBack0]ip address 3.3.3.3 32
[R3-LoopBack0]int g0/0/1
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip address 10.1.2.2 24
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]undo shut
Info: Interface GigabitEthernet0/0/1 is not shutdown.
[R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]qu
[R3]ip route-static 10.1.1.0 24 10.1.2.1
[R3]ip route-static 1.1.1.1 32 10.1.2.1
[R3]qu
save
测试：

二、默认路由

默认路由：是静态路由的一种特殊形式，它属于静态路由中的一种，使用他的条件是，只能在末梢网络中使用。
默认路由——匹配的是所有网段
默认路由会大大简化路由器的配置，减轻管理员的工作负担，提高网络性能。
实验：
R1配置：
undo terminal monitor
Info: Current terminal monitor is off.
sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname R1
[R1]user-interface console 0
[R1-ui-console0]idle-timeout 0 0
[R1-ui-console0]quit
[R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.1.1.2
R2配置保持不变
R3配置：
undo terminal monitor
Info: Current terminal monitor is off.
sys
Enter system view, return user view with Ctrl+Z.
[Huawei]sysname R3
[R3]user-interface console 0
[R3-ui-console0]idle-timeout 0 0
[R3]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.1.2.1
测试：

三、浮动路由

浮动路由：指配置两条静态路由，默认选择链路质量最优的作为主路径，当主路径发生故障时，有带宽较小的备份路由顶替，保持网络的不中断。

路由协议的优先级：

路由协议	优先级
DIRECT	0
OSPF	10
IS-IS	15
STATI	60
RIP	100
OSPF ASE	150
OSPF NSSA	150
IBGP	256
EBGP	256

实验：

R1配置：
[R1]int e0/0/0
[R1-Ethernet0/0/0]ip add
[R1-Ethernet0/0/0]ip address 10.1.3.1 24
[R1-Ethernet0/0/0]undo shutdown
Info: Interface Ethernet0/0/0 is not shutdown.
[R1-Ethernet0/0/0]qu
[R1]ip route-static 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.1.3.2 preference 61 //比静态路由优先级大一个
R2配置：
[R2]int e0/0/0
[R2-Ethernet0/0/0]ip address 10.1.3.2 24
[R2-Ethernet0/0/0]undo shutdown
Info: Interface Ethernet0/0/0 is not shutdown.
[R2-Ethernet0/0/0]qu
R2]ip route-static 1.1.1.1 32 10.1.3.1 preference 61
查看：

使用命令查看路由表

测试：
先关闭R1路由器上的GE0/0/0接口