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                        <h1 class="page-title"><a href="/show-203481895.html" title="java-基础-异常处理">java-基础-异常处理</a></h1>
            
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                <time class="post-date" datetime="2021-10-24">2021-10-24</time>
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<p><span> </span><span>1.异常概述与异常体系结构</span></p>
<p><span>在使用计算机语言进行项目开发的过程中，即使程序员把代码写得尽善尽美，在系统的运行过程中仍然会遇到一些问题，因为很多问题不是靠代码能够避 免的，比如：客户输入数据的格式，读取文件是否存在，网络是否始终保持 通畅等等。</span></p>
<div>
<p> </p>
<p><span>异常：在Java语言中，将程序执行中发生的不正常情况称为“异常”。 </span></p>
<p><span><strong>(开发过程中的语法错误和逻辑错误不是异常) </strong></span></p>
<p><span><strong>Java程序在执行过程中所发生的异常事件可分为两类： </strong></span></p>
<p><span><strong>Error：Java虚拟机无法解决的严重问题。如：JVM系统内部错误、资源 耗尽等严重情况。比如：StackOverflowError和OOM。一般不编写针对性 的代码进行处理。 </strong></span></p>
<p><span><strong>Exception: 其它因编程错误或偶然的外在因素导致的一般性问题，可以使 用针对性的代码进行处理。例如： </strong></span></p>
<ol>
<li><span><strong>空指针访问 </strong></span></li>
<li><span><strong>试图读取不存在的文件 </strong></span></li>
<li><span><strong>网络连接中断 </strong></span></li>
<li><span><strong>数组角标越界</strong></span></li>
</ol>
<div><span><strong>对于这些错误，一般有两种解决方法：一是遇到错误就终止程序的运行。另一种方法是由程序员在编写程序时，就考虑到错误的 </strong></span></div>
<div><span><strong>检测、错误消息的提示，以及错误的处理。 </strong></span></div>
<div><span><strong>捕获错误最理想的是在编译期间，但有的错误只有在运行时才会发生。</strong></span></div>
<div><span><strong>比如：除数为0，数组下标越界等 </strong></span></div>
<div><span><strong>分类：编译时异常和运行时异常</strong></span></div>
<div><span><strong><img alt="java-基础-异常处理" src="/default/index/img?u=L2RlZmF1bHQvaW5kZXgvaW1nP3U9YUhSMGNITTZMeTl3YVdGdWMyaGxiaTVqYjIwdmFXMWhaMlZ6THpJek5TOHlZbVF3TTJZMVpqWXhaVEkxTURnd1l6YzFOalkxT0dGa09EQmtZalJsTXk1d2JtYz0=" title="java-基础-异常处理"></strong></span></div>
<p><span><strong><img alt="java-基础-异常处理" src="/default/index/img?u=L2RlZmF1bHQvaW5kZXgvaW1nP3U9YUhSMGNITTZMeTl3YVdGdWMyaGxiaTVqYjIwdmFXMWhaMlZ6THpZek9TOWpPV1ZpTWpVeFltRmpaV1l3Tm1Wa01HTXhOREk1WVdGaE9UQTVNR1kzTnk1d2JtYz0=" title="java-基础-异常处理"> </strong></span></p>
<p><span><strong>常见异常：ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException</strong></span></p>
<p><span><strong><img alt="java-基础-异常处理" src="/default/index/img?u=L2RlZmF1bHQvaW5kZXgvaW1nP3U9YUhSMGNITTZMeTl3YVdGdWMyaGxiaTVqYjIwdmFXMWhaMlZ6THpnMU1DOHdOR0pqTkRWa05HTmpZamhoWWpnM056UXlNREJrTVRrNE1XSmlZak5qWVM1d2JtYz0=" title="java-基础-异常处理"> </strong></span></p>
<p> </p>
<p><span><strong>常见异常：NullPointerException</strong></span></p>
<p><span><strong><img alt="java-基础-异常处理" src="/default/index/img?u=L2RlZmF1bHQvaW5kZXgvaW1nP3U9YUhSMGNITTZMeTl3YVdGdWMyaGxiaTVqYjIwdmFXMWhaMlZ6THpFM05TODVNV1kxTXpkaE9XVXdOR1prTmpFeE56UTNaREUwTURZek1UVmxObU0zTnk1d2JtYz0=" title="java-基础-异常处理"></strong></span></p>
<p><span><strong>常见异常：ArithmeticException </strong></span></p>
<p><span><strong><img alt="java-基础-异常处理" src="/default/index/img?u=L2RlZmF1bHQvaW5kZXgvaW1nP3U9YUhSMGNITTZMeTl3YVdGdWMyaGxiaTVqYjIwdmFXMWhaMlZ6THpjek1TODRPV1JsT0RFM05qZzJaV0pqWTJVMlpHVTRNRFF6T0RObE9EWmpOVEV3TXk1d2JtYz0=" title="java-基础-异常处理"> </strong></span></p>
<div><span><strong>常见异常：ClassCastException</strong></span></div>
<div><span><strong><img alt="java-基础-异常处理" src="/default/index/img?u=L2RlZmF1bHQvaW5kZXgvaW1nP3U9YUhSMGNITTZMeTl3YVdGdWMyaGxiaTVqYjIwdmFXMWhaMlZ6THpjM05pOWpNVEprTVRVNFkyVXlZekJpTVRaalptTmxabVU1Wm1KbU9HSmhNbVJqT0M1d2JtYz0=" title="java-基础-异常处理"></strong></span></div>
<div> </div>
<div>
<div>
<span><strong>异常处理机制一：</strong></span>
<div>
<span style="color:#0000ff;">在编写程序时，经常要在可能出现错误的地方加上检测的代码，如进行</span><span style="color:#0000ff;">x/y</span><span style="color:#0000ff;">运算时，要</span><span style="color:#c00000;">检测分母为</span><span style="color:#c00000;">0</span><span style="color:#c00000;">，数据为空，输入的不是数据 </span>
</div>
<div>
<span style="color:#c00000;">而是字符</span><span style="color:#0000ff;">等。过多的</span><span style="color:#0000ff;">if-else</span><span style="color:#0000ff;">分支会导致程序的代码加长、臃肿，可读性差。因此采用异常处理机制。 </span>
</div>
<div>
<span style="color:#000000;"><strong>Java</strong></span><span style="color:#000000;"><strong>异常处理 </strong></span>
</div>
<div>
<span style="color:#000000;">Java</span><span style="color:#000000;">采用的异常处理机制，是将异常处理的程序代码集中在一起，与正常的程序代码分开，使得程序简洁、优雅，并易于维护</span>
</div>
<span><strong>try-catch-finally</strong></span>
</div>
</div>
<p> </p>
<p><span style="color:#000000;"><strong>Java</strong></span><span style="color:#000000;"><strong>异常处理的方式：</strong></span></p>
<p><span style="color:#000000;">方式一：</span><span style="color:#000000;">try-catch-finally</span></p>
<p><span style="color:#000000;">方式二：</span><span style="color:#000000;">throws + </span><span style="color:#000000;">异常类型</span></p>
<p><img alt="java-基础-异常处理" src="/default/index/img?u=L2RlZmF1bHQvaW5kZXgvaW1nP3U9YUhSMGNITTZMeTl3YVdGdWMyaGxiaTVqYjIwdmFXMWhaMlZ6THpZNU15OWlNMkUzT1RkbU16TTNZMkZtTTJNMU16aGhZalpsTjJGbE5EWTNabVExWkM1d2JtYz0=" title="java-基础-异常处理"></p>
<p><img alt="java-基础-异常处理" src="/default/index/img?u=L2RlZmF1bHQvaW5kZXgvaW1nP3U9YUhSMGNITTZMeTl3YVdGdWMyaGxiaTVqYjIwdmFXMWhaMlZ6THpjeE1DODJZVGhtT0dWaU1qZzRObU14TkdSak1EYzJNRE5rTm1Wak1UWTVaR00wTmk1d2JtYz0=" title="java-基础-异常处理"></p>
<p><img alt="java-基础-异常处理" src="/default/index/img?u=L2RlZmF1bHQvaW5kZXgvaW1nP3U9YUhSMGNITTZMeTl3YVdGdWMyaGxiaTVqYjIwdmFXMWhaMlZ6THpnNU5pODBOMlF6TVdNMVlqZzVZelJoWldJeU1ERTROREkyTVdVNE9EUmhNVE13TUM1d2JtYz0=" title="java-基础-异常处理"></p>
<p><img alt="java-基础-异常处理" src="/default/index/img?u=L2RlZmF1bHQvaW5kZXgvaW1nP3U9YUhSMGNITTZMeTl3YVdGdWMyaGxiaTVqYjIwdmFXMWhaMlZ6THpnNU5pODFZVEV6TWpKaU1HVmlPVGRrWkRBd09EQmpORFJpWkdRNFpXRTNaVEZrT0M1d2JtYz0=" title="java-基础-异常处理"></p>
<p><img alt="java-基础-异常处理" src="/default/index/img?u=L2RlZmF1bHQvaW5kZXgvaW1nP3U9YUhSMGNITTZMeTl3YVdGdWMyaGxiaTVqYjIwdmFXMWhaMlZ6THpVdk4yVTRZV0poWVRkbE1XSm1ZamN5TVRkaFl6UTJOak14WXpZeE5UWmpOVFV1Y0c1bg==" title="java-基础-异常处理"> </p>
<p> </p>
<p> </p>
<p><img alt="java-基础-异常处理" src="/default/index/img?u=L2RlZmF1bHQvaW5kZXgvaW1nP3U9YUhSMGNITTZMeTl3YVdGdWMyaGxiaTVqYjIwdmFXMWhaMlZ6THpVMk5TOW1NV0ZrT1RsaE5XTTVOemRtTW1Nd1lUUTBZakU1TWpFek1Ea3dZVE5qTlM1d2JtYz0=" title="java-基础-异常处理"></p>
<p> </p>
<p><img alt="java-基础-异常处理" src="/default/index/img?u=L2RlZmF1bHQvaW5kZXgvaW1nP3U9YUhSMGNITTZMeTl3YVdGdWMyaGxiaTVqYjIwdmFXMWhaMlZ6THpZekx6a3pNV0l6WVRSak1ERXlObVEyT0RaaE16bGlZakV6TURBeE5tTmtaalkzTG5CdVp3PT0=" title="java-基础-异常处理"></p>
<p> </p>
<p><img alt="java-基础-异常处理" src="/default/index/img?u=L2RlZmF1bHQvaW5kZXgvaW1nP3U9YUhSMGNITTZMeTl3YVdGdWMyaGxiaTVqYjIwdmFXMWhaMlZ6THprNE15ODBOMlF4TVdOaU0yRmxaVFZoWVRsak9UQmpOV1ZrT1dNM01UQTNaREZqTnk1d2JtYz0=" title="java-基础-异常处理"></p>
<div><span>异常处理机制二： throws</span></div>
<div> </div>
<div><img alt="java-基础-异常处理" src="/default/index/img?u=L2RlZmF1bHQvaW5kZXgvaW1nP3U9YUhSMGNITTZMeTl3YVdGdWMyaGxiaTVqYjIwdmFXMWhaMlZ6THpZME5DOHlNMlZtTjJObE9EbGxPR0V6TXpobE0ySmlOVEF4Wm1FM1pHSmxZMlZpWXk1d2JtYz0=" title="java-基础-异常处理"></div>
<div> </div>
<div><img alt="java-基础-异常处理" src="/default/index/img?u=L2RlZmF1bHQvaW5kZXgvaW1nP3U9YUhSMGNITTZMeTl3YVdGdWMyaGxiaTVqYjIwdmFXMWhaMlZ6THprMU55OHdNVEEyTUdObFl6RXlNek01WTJNMk5UWTBPVFZoTXpCbU5UQmtZekV6WkM1d2JtYz0=" title="java-基础-异常处理"></div>
<div> </div>
<div><img alt="java-基础-异常处理" src="/default/index/img?u=L2RlZmF1bHQvaW5kZXgvaW1nP3U9YUhSMGNITTZMeTl3YVdGdWMyaGxiaTVqYjIwdmFXMWhaMlZ6THpVME5TODJPR1kwWmpnNFlUYzFNREV3TWpSa05HUm1ZVFJtTldKbE1EaGxOVEF5T1M1d2JtYz0=" title="java-基础-异常处理"></div>
<div> </div>
<div> </div>
<div> </div>
<div> </div>
<div><img alt="java-基础-异常处理" src="/default/index/img?u=L2RlZmF1bHQvaW5kZXgvaW1nP3U9YUhSMGNITTZMeTl3YVdGdWMyaGxiaTVqYjIwdmFXMWhaMlZ6THpjd055OWhaR1F6TURRMVpXTm1PREExWW1Ga1pHWm1aakl6TVdNek9EQm1NemhqWWk1d2JtYz0=" title="java-基础-异常处理"></div>
<div> </div>
<div>
<div><span>手动抛出异常</span></div>
<div> </div>
<div><img alt="java-基础-异常处理" src="/default/index/img?u=L2RlZmF1bHQvaW5kZXgvaW1nP3U9YUhSMGNITTZMeTl3YVdGdWMyaGxiaTVqYjIwdmFXMWhaMlZ6THpnM015ODBNR0l5T0RJeVpERmhNVEEyWXpsaVpERmlPRFkxWVdFd01tUmlOakU0TVM1d2JtYz0=" title="java-基础-异常处理"></div>
</div>
<div> </div>
<div>
<div><span>用户自定义异常类</span></div>
<div> </div>
<div> </div>
<div>
<div>
<span style="color:#000000;">一般地，用户自定义异常类都是</span><span style="color:#0000ff;">RuntimeException</span><span style="color:#000000;">的子类。 </span>
</div>
<ol>
<li>
<span style="color:#000000;"> </span><span style="color:#000000;">自定义异常类通常需要编写几个</span><span style="color:#0000ff;">重载的构造器</span><span style="color:#000000;">。 </span>
</li>
<li>
<span style="color:#000000;"> </span><span style="color:#000000;">自定义异常需要提供</span><span style="color:#0000ff;">serialVersionUID </span>
</li>
<li>
<span style="color:#000000;"> </span><span style="color:#000000;">自定义的异常通过</span><span style="color:#0000ff;">throw</span><span style="color:#0000ff;">抛出</span><span style="color:#000000;">。 </span>
</li>
<li>
<span style="color:#000000;"> </span><span style="color:#000000;">自定义异常最重要的是异常类的名字，当异常出现时，可以根据 </span><span style="color:#000000;">名字判断异常类型</span>
</li>
</ol>
<p><img alt="java-基础-异常处理" src="/default/index/img?u=L2RlZmF1bHQvaW5kZXgvaW1nP3U9YUhSMGNITTZMeTl3YVdGdWMyaGxiaTVqYjIwdmFXMWhaMlZ6THprMU55OWpNelJsWkdGa05UWXpaV05rT0RWbU5UVTJORGswTVdRM01HWXpaakpoWkM1d2JtYz0=" title="java-基础-异常处理"></p>
<p><img alt="java-基础-异常处理" src="/default/index/img?u=L2RlZmF1bHQvaW5kZXgvaW1nP3U9YUhSMGNITTZMeTl3YVdGdWMyaGxiaTVqYjIwdmFXMWhaMlZ6THpjNEx6QmxZMk5rTmpNeE1tUTVaREpoWWpCaFptRmpPRGhqWVRnelpETTFNemhsTG5CdVp3PT0=" title="java-基础-异常处理"></p>
<p><img alt="java-基础-异常处理" src="/default/index/img?u=L2RlZmF1bHQvaW5kZXgvaW1nP3U9YUhSMGNITTZMeTl3YVdGdWMyaGxiaTVqYjIwdmFXMWhaMlZ6THpRMkx6TmxZemxrT1dFeVpqZ3hORFJpWVRkbE5qSTBaREV6Tm1RM01qTTJOekUyTG5CdVp3PT0=" title="java-基础-异常处理"></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p><span> </span> </p>
 
                    
            
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