RSA公钥加密算法是1977年由Ron Rivest、Adi Shamirh和LenAdleman在（美国麻省理工学院）开发的。RSA取名来自开发他们三者的名字。RSA是目前最有影响力的公钥加密算法，它能够抵抗到目前为止已知的所有密码攻击，已被ISO推荐为公钥数据加密标准。RSA算法基于一个十分简单的数论事实：将两个大素数相乘十分容易，但那时想要对其乘积进行因式分解却极其困难，因此可以将乘积公开作为加***。
RSA公开**密码体制。所谓的公开**密码体制就是使用不同的加***与解***，是一种“由已知加***推导出解***在计算上是不可行的”密码体制。
就是可以公钥加密，私钥解密。也可以私钥加密，公钥解密，是一对的那种感觉。
java代码如下：
package com.huadian.bigdata.rsautils;
import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;
import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.security.*;
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPrivateKey;
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPublicKey;
import java.security.spec.InvalidKeySpecException;
import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;
import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
public class RSAUtils {
public static final String CHARSET = "UTF-8";
public static final String RSA_ALGORITHM = "RSA";
public static Map<String, String> createKeys(int keySize){
//为RSA算法创建一个KeyPairGenerator对象
KeyPairGenerator kpg;
try{
kpg = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance(RSA_ALGORITHM);
}catch(NoSuchAlgorithmException e){
throw new IllegalArgumentException("No such algorithm-->[" + RSA_ALGORITHM + "]");
}
//初始化KeyPairGenerator对象,**长度
kpg.initialize(keySize);
//生成密匙对
KeyPair keyPair = kpg.generateKeyPair();
//得到公钥
Key publicKey = keyPair.getPublic();
String publicKeyStr = Base64.encodeBase64URLSafeString(publicKey.getEncoded());
//得到私钥
Key privateKey = keyPair.getPrivate();
String privateKeyStr = Base64.encodeBase64URLSafeString(privateKey.getEncoded());
Map<String, String> keyPairMap = new HashMap<String, String>();
keyPairMap.put("publicKey", publicKeyStr);
keyPairMap.put("privateKey", privateKeyStr);
return keyPairMap;
}
/**
* 得到公钥
* @param publicKey **字符串（经过base64编码）
* @throws Exception
*/
public static RSAPublicKey getPublicKey(String publicKey) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, InvalidKeySpecException {
//通过X509编码的Key指令获得公钥对象
KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(RSA_ALGORITHM);
X509EncodedKeySpec x509KeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(Base64.decodeBase64(publicKey));
RSAPublicKey key = (RSAPublicKey) keyFactory.generatePublic(x509KeySpec);
return key;
}
/**
* 得到私钥
* @param privateKey **字符串（经过base64编码）
* @throws Exception
*/
public static RSAPrivateKey getPrivateKey(String privateKey) throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, InvalidKeySpecException {
//通过PKCS#8编码的Key指令获得私钥对象
KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(RSA_ALGORITHM);
PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8KeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(Base64.decodeBase64(privateKey));
RSAPrivateKey key = (RSAPrivateKey) keyFactory.generatePrivate(pkcs8KeySpec);
return key;
}
/**
* 公钥加密
* @param data
* @param publicKey
* @return
*/
public static String publicEncrypt(String data, RSAPublicKey publicKey){
try{
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(RSA_ALGORITHM);
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, publicKey);
return Base64.encodeBase64URLSafeString(rsaSplitCodec(cipher, Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, data.getBytes(CHARSET), publicKey.getModulus().bitLength()));
}catch(Exception e){
throw new RuntimeException("加密字符串[" + data + "]时遇到异常", e);
}
}
/**
* 私钥解密
* @param data
* @param privateKey
* @return
*/
public static String privateDecrypt(String data, RSAPrivateKey privateKey){
try{
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(RSA_ALGORITHM);
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateKey);
return new String(rsaSplitCodec(cipher, Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, Base64.decodeBase64(data), privateKey.getModulus().bitLength()), CHARSET);
}catch(Exception e){
throw new RuntimeException("解密字符串[" + data + "]时遇到异常", e);
}
}
/**
* 私钥加密
* @param data
* @param privateKey
* @return
*/
public static String privateEncrypt(String data, RSAPrivateKey privateKey){
try{
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(RSA_ALGORITHM);
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, privateKey);
return Base64.encodeBase64URLSafeString(rsaSplitCodec(cipher, Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, data.getBytes(CHARSET), privateKey.getModulus().bitLength()));
}catch(Exception e){
throw new RuntimeException("加密字符串[" + data + "]时遇到异常", e);
}
}
/**
* 公钥解密
* @param data
* @param publicKey
* @return
*/
public static String publicDecrypt(String data, RSAPublicKey publicKey){
try{
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(RSA_ALGORITHM);
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, publicKey);
return new String(rsaSplitCodec(cipher, Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, Base64.decodeBase64(data), publicKey.getModulus().bitLength()), CHARSET);
}catch(Exception e){
throw new RuntimeException("解密字符串[" + data + "]时遇到异常", e);
}
}
private static byte[] rsaSplitCodec(Cipher cipher, int opmode, byte[] datas, int keySize){
int maxBlock = 0;
if(opmode == Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE){
maxBlock = keySize / 8;
}else{
maxBlock = keySize / 8 - 11;
}
ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
int offSet = 0;
byte[] buff;
int i = 0;
try{
while(datas.length > offSet){
if(datas.length-offSet > maxBlock){
buff = cipher.doFinal(datas, offSet, maxBlock);
}else{
buff = cipher.doFinal(datas, offSet, datas.length-offSet);
}
out.write(buff, 0, buff.length);
i++;
offSet = i * maxBlock;
}
}catch(Exception e){
throw new RuntimeException("加解密阀值为["+maxBlock+"]的数据时发生异常", e);
}
byte[] resultDatas = out.toByteArray();
IOUtils.closeQuietly(out);
return resultDatas;
}
}
测试代码如下：
import com.huadian.bigdata.rsautils.RSAUtils; import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException; import java.security.interfaces.RSAPrivateKey; import java.security.interfaces.RSAPublicKey; import java.security.spec.InvalidKeySpecException; import java.util.Map; public class RSAtest { public static void main(String[] args) throws InvalidKeySpecException, NoSuchAlgorithmException { //设置**长度 Map<String, String> keys = RSAUtils.createKeys(1024); // 拿到公钥的字符串明文 String publicKey = keys.get("publicKey"); // 拿到私钥的字符串明文 String privateKey = keys.get("privateKey"); // 拿到公钥的字节流明文 RSAPublicKey getpublicKey = RSAUtils.getPublicKey(publicKey); // 拿到私钥的字节流明文 RSAPrivateKey getprivateKey = RSAUtils.getPrivateKey(privateKey); // 公钥加密：第一个值是要传进去的值，第二个值传公钥的字节流明文 String s = RSAUtils.publicEncrypt("123 ", getpublicKey); System.out.println("公钥加密的字符串"+s); // 私钥解密：第一个值传公钥加密后的对象，第二个值传私钥的字节流明文 String s1 = RSAUtils.privateDecrypt(s, getprivateKey); System.out.println("私钥解密的字符"+s1); // 私钥加密：第一个值是要传进去的值，第二个值传私钥的字节流明文 String s2 = RSAUtils.privateEncrypt("456", getprivateKey); System.out.println("私钥加密的字符串"+s2); // 公钥解密：第一个值传私钥加密后的对象，第二个值传公钥的字节流明文 String s3 = RSAUtils.publicDecrypt(s2, getpublicKey); System.out.println("公钥解密的字符"+s3); } }运行结果如下：和传进去的值是一样的